Re-purposing Clove Oil in Ovarian Cancer Treatment: A Multi-Dimensional Approach Involving Bulk RNA-Seq and scRNA-Seq

Ovarian cancer (OC) is currently the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among thewomen, with approximately ۱۴۰,۰۰۰ fatalities globally per year. To improve the prognosis of OCpatients, novel therapeutic approaches are essential. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are integral to ovariancancer's entire development process, including initiation, metastatic progression, therapeutic resistance,and disease recurrence. Thus, targeted therapy, particularly against the Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells(OCSCs), is expected to be more effective and less toxic, potentially improving patient survival andreducing tumor relapse.Our initial analysis utilized GSE۱۳۲۳۷ dataset, which includes data from ۱۱ pairs of primary andmetastatic OV tumors. We employed an RNA-seq pipeline along with the DESeq۲ package, setting athreshold of p.value <۰.۰۵ and |logFC| > ۱ to identify highly variable genes. This yielded ۲۱۳۴significant genes. Subsequently, using the clusterProfile package and David online enrichment tool forKEGG, we pinpointed clove oil—a mild analgesic used for toothache and suggested for DiabeticCardiomyopathy therapy—as a potential agent targeting the COL۱A۱ gene. This gene plays asignificant role in metastasis and stem cells regulatory pathways.To ensure accuracy, we further analyzed pooled scRNA-seq datasets GSE۱۸۴۸۸۰ and GSE۱۵۸۹۳۷,comprising ۸ samples (۵ healthy and ۳ high-grade serous metastatic OC). The results significantlyenriched the COL۱A۱ gene in the cancer cell cluster, providing clear evidence of its association withOCSCs.By understanding the genetic underpinnings and potential therapeutic targets like the COL۱A۱ gene,we can pave the way for more effective and personalized treatments for ovarian cancer, offering hopefor improved outcomes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ovarian cancer ، cancer stem cells ، Clove oil ، COL۱A۱(Collagen type I alpha ۱)