Investigation of FLS۱ Enzyme Involved in the Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Carthamus tinctorius Using Bioinformatics Techniques

Flavonoids are a diverse group of over ۸۰۰۰ polyphenolic compounds found in plants,playing various roles in plant physiology. Particularly, flavonols, a crucial subclass, contribute tofunctions like UV protection, auxin transport regulation, flower color modulation, and signaling. Thesecompounds, known for their antioxidant and health-promoting properties, also exhibit anti-proliferative,anti-angiogenic, and neuropharmacological effects [۱], [۲]. The transformation from dihydroflavonolto flavonol is facilitated by the FLS enzyme in the flavonoid pathway. This process relies on thecoordinated expression of genes encoding core phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes, like PAL and ۴CL,and flavonoid branch pathway enzymes such as CHS, CHI, and F۳H [۳]. FLS۱ is the predominant FLSsynthesis relevant gene in Carthamus tinctorius, the last step in flavonol biosynthesis [۴]. In the presentinvestigation, the nucleotide sequence of the FLS۱ enzyme in the Carthamus tinctorius, having theaccession number MF۴۲۱۸۱۵.۱, was procured from the NCBI website. The chemical characteristics ofthe protein were assessed using the ProtParam program, while the domains were established byemploying the Interpro server. The coding arrangement of the FLS۱ enzyme in the Carthamustinctorius, encompassing ۱۳۱۲ nucleotides, was responsible for encoding a protein comprising ۴۱۰amino acids. The molecular weight of this protein is ۴۷۵۱۲.۶۲ Daltons, with an Isoelectric Point (PI) of۱۹.۱۰, instability index of ۴۷.۵۳, and an Aliphatic Index, which is considered a positive factor forincreasing protein stability is ۷۰.۶۶. Gene network analysis using the STRING database revealed thatthe FLS۱ protein is involved in the biosynthesis pathway of flavone and flavonol, showing the highestinteraction with DFRA, CYP۷۳۸۵, UGT۷۸D۱ and MYB۱۲ genes. Peptide mapping of the protein ishypothetically and theoretically determined by expasy/peptidemass database.

کلیدواژه ها:

FLS۱ enzyme ، Carthamus tinctorius ، flavonoid pathway ، Domains