Investigating the influence of pre-Islamic civilizations (with an emphasis on stucco arts and bas-reliefs) on the art of the Qajar dynasty

One of the most beautiful and delicate architectural decorations in building spaces is stucco art, which has always been the focus of architects and artists throughout history due to its special capabilities and ease of execution. This art evolved during the Parthian era and replaced the previous styles in the decorations of later periods. On the other hand, bas-reliefs are one of the most important artistic works for narrating historical stories, military struggles, victories, gatherings, and expressing sacrifices. They are considered the most important archaeological documents for understanding various aspects of the culture of ancestors. With the emergence of Islam in Iran after the Sassanids and the prohibition of sculpting and image-making in the subsequent periods, the art of stucco continued with thematic changes, while bas-relief art was largely obsolete. It was not until ۱,۲۰۰ years later, during the Qajar dynasty, that these two arts were revived by employing the execution methods used in ancient Iranian civilizations, becoming two main arts of this dynasty. In general, this article examines the reasons behind this emulation and modeling, the general and specific similarities and differences between bas-relief and stucco arts during the Qajar period and pre-Islamic art in Iran. It also investigates the factors influencing the Qajar kings' inclination towards pre-Islamic Iranian civilization and their goals in reviving these arts. The research method is historical-analytical, and the data collection method is documentary (library-based).

کلیدواژه ها:

Islamic civilizations ، Qajar dynasty ، Persian Art ، ancient Iranian civilizations ، pre-Islamic Iranian civilization