The synergistic application of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and biological processes for salt removal from seawater review

Due to the global abundance of brackish water resources, seawater desalination is emerging as a promising method of supplying fresh water to coastal communities. The Caspian Sea in the north and the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea in the south of Iran are significant non-conventional water sources that are suitable for desalination. In this paper, the state of the current commercial technologies like reverse osmosis (RO), Multi-Stages Flash desalination (MSF) and Multi-Effect Distillation (MED), and the new frontiers of the research with the aim of exploiting renewable sources such as wind, solar and biomass energy.. Currently, biological approaches, especially the use ofl microorganism and different strain of microalgae , have attracted the attention of researchers. The aim of this study is to investigate the merit and demerits of different conventional method of desalination process and future trend are reviewedare evaluated role of granular activated carbon (GAC) as a carrier for biofilm. In this review , also the important parameters which effect desalination cost such are reviewed amount of salt absorption has been measured according to economic issues, environmental effects, energy consumption, etc., and a significant amount of salt along with the surface absorption process helps to increase the efficiency of desalination. Also, in this research, the use of innovative energies for desalination of sea water was mentioned. Based on the results, the integration of bacteria with adsorbents is effective in dealing with the challenges associated with adsorption processes and significantly increases the capacity ofconventional adsorbents.

کلیدواژه ها:

Seawater ، Sustainablity ، Desalination ، Enviromental impact ،