Advancements in Leakage-Resistant and Flame Retardant Phase Change Materials for Enhanced BatteryThermal Management Systems

The integration of phase change materials (PCM) in battery thermal management systems (BTMS) presents apromising approach to enhance thermal performance while ensuring safety. However, challenges such asleakage and flame retardancy limit the widespread adoption of PCMs. This paper explores advancements inleakage-resistant and flame retardant PCMs, focusing on polymer-based and porous material-enhancedcomposites. Polymer materials, including polyethylene and its derivatives, have been shown to significantlyimprove form stability and prevent leakage by creating robust ۳D networks within the PCM. Microencapsulationtechnology further enhances leakage prevention by encapsulating PCM within a stable polymer shell, though itintroduces complexity and cost concerns. Porous materials, such as expanded graphite (EG) and metal-organicframeworks, provide structural stability and leakage resistance by leveraging capillary condensation and surfacetension effects.Additionally, the study examines the dual role of PCMs in thermal management and fire safety.Inorganic flame retardant PCMs, characterized by their non-combustible nature and high latent heat storagecapacity, offer an inherent advantage in preventing thermal runaway. However, issues like dehydration andphase separation pose significant challenges. Conversely, organic PCMs, while effective, suffer from reducedthermal efficiency when integrated with flame retardants. The use of flame retardant coatings emerges as aviable solution to balance thermal management with safety concerns.The paper concludes that future researchshould focus on optimizing encapsulation technologies, developing new flame retardant additives, andintegrating PCMs with other thermal management technologies to create hybrid BTMS. These advancementsare crucial for the large-scale application of PCMs, addressing both leakage prevention and flame retardancy toenhance battery safety and performance.

کلیدواژه ها:

BTMS ، Phase change materials ، Flame Retardant PCM ، lithium-ion batteries ، PCM leakage