Effects of Opium Consumption Regarding Age and Body Mass Index on Bladder Cancer’s Grade and Stage

Introduction: This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of opium on bladder cancer grade and stage. We analyzed the impact of opium on the stage and grade of bladder cancer.Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed ۴۴۶ patients with pathologically confirmed bladder cancer treated from February ۲۰۱۲ to January ۲۰۱۹.  Demographic data including sex, age, body mass index, opium consumption, and smoking, were collected. Exclusion criteria were patients receiving chemotherapy, inaccessible pathologic reports, and previous abdominopelvic radiotherapy. Chi-squared test was used in case of categorical variables. The significance level was set at ۰.۰۵. The analyses were performed using the statistical software Stata ver. ۱۳.Results: Our results indicate show that higher muscle-invasive stages occurred in opium users group compared to the non-opium users (P-value<۰.۰۰۱ vs. P-value: ۰.۱۰۴). The BMIs≥۲۵ indicated a greater high grades percentage in the opium users compared with non-users (P-values=۰.۱۳۷ and ۰.۳۱۶ for the ages <۶۵ and ≥۶۵ years and ۰.۶۰۲ and ۰.۰۱۳ for the BMIs <۲۵ and ≥۲۵). Accordingly, in people with BMIs≥۲۵,  odds of high grades were ۲.۸-fold, compared with non-users. Patients with BMIs of ۲۵ or more had ۲.۸ times the chance of getting high grades compared to those who did not.  Regarding muscle stages, while all subgroups showed significance, the largest effect size of ۴.۲ was obtained for the <۶۵ age group.Conclusion: Our data revealed the higher muscle-invasive stages in the opium users comparing compared to non-opium users. Also, in patients with BMIs≥۲۵, odds of high grades were ۲.۸ folds, compared with non-opium users.

کلیدواژه ها:

Opium ، smoke ، bladder tumor ، Muscle-invasive stages ، High grade