Plasma-Based Beamforming Antennas for Space Communication

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, a short review of antennas with beamforming capability specifically for space applications is conducted and the pros and cons of each method are highlighted. Then, the paper presents a low-complexity, low-cost plasma-based antenna for beamforming in communication systems. By surrounding an axial mode helical antenna with arrays of plasma elements shaped like cups, control over the direction and width of the radiated beam is achieved. Activation of specific elements within plasma cups enables beamwidth control, while asymmetric configurations allow for steering the end-fire beam pattern in three-dimensional space. A prototype of the antenna is fabricated and tested, demonstrating good agreement between simulation and measurement results.