The Linguistic Rooting of Hate Speech: An Analytical Study in the Legal Achievement

The paper aims at an in-depth and accurate analysis of the scope of hate speech and attempts to root it out; Its concept, context, and actors in it, influencing and being affected. Today, “hate speech” refers to a variety of acts of speech and other misbehavior that occur in society, ranging from uncivilized and disturbing speech (which is often tolerated) to actions that are criminalized under the law. From here, the idea of this study was born in an attempt to linguistically analyze the idea of hate speech in the linguistic and legal contexts, through multidisciplinary research that tries to root the concept and encompass its various aspects, and tries to provide a linguistic-legal methodological guide that will contribute in some way to clarifying the dimensions of the idea of hate speech and drawing dividing lines. between "hate speech" and "hate crime" by analyzing prevailing linguistic standards and trying to develop them to bridge this scientific gap. The study concluded that "hatred" in itself, as a negative human emotion, is not a crime. and that the main or central feature in criminalizing “hate speech” is related to the symbolic dimension; By committing a hate crime, the perpetrator sends a message to the victim and to his community at the same time. Because the crime is designed, essentially, to send a message, not only to the immediate victim, but also to the community to which she belongs. The study also presented a hierarchical linguistic semantic scale to measure and analyze the "intensity" of hate speech. Ultimately, then, hate crimes can be seen as "symbolic messaging crimes" that convey the idea of "otherness" and act as an exclusionary practice.The paper aims at an in-depth and accurate analysis of the scope of hate speech and attempts to root it out; Its concept, context, and actors in it, influencing and being affected. Today, “hate speech” refers to a variety of acts of speech and other misbehavior that occur in society, ranging from uncivilized and disturbing speech (which is often tolerated) to actions that are criminalized under the law. From here, the idea of this study was born in an attempt to linguistically analyze the idea of hate speech in the linguistic and legal contexts, through multidisciplinary research that tries to root the concept and encompass its various aspects, and tries to provide a linguistic-legal methodological guide that will contribute in some way to clarifying the dimensions of the idea of hate speech and drawing dividing lines. between "hate speech" and "hate crime" by analyzing prevailing linguistic standards and trying to develop them to bridge this scientific gap. The study concluded that "hatred" in itself, as a negative human emotion, is not a crime. and that the main or central feature in criminalizing “hate speech” is related to the symbolic dimension; By committing a hate crime, the perpetrator sends a message to the victim and to his community at the same time. Because the crime is designed, essentially, to send a message, not only to the immediate victim, but also to the community to which she belongs. The study also presented a hierarchical linguistic semantic scale to measure and analyze the "intensity" of hate speech. Ultimately, then, hate crimes can be seen as "symbolic messaging crimes" that convey the idea of "otherness" and act as an exclusionary practice.

کلیدواژه ها:

discourse ، hate ، crime ، linguistic analysis ، discourse intensity ، marginalized groups