Seasonal Variation of Heavy Metals in Sediments, Water, Shiny Nose Fish, Shrimp, and Periwinkle in Esuk Ekpo Eyo Beach, Akpabuyo, South-East Nigeria Service Unavailable

The seasonal variations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Hg, and Zn) in sediments, water samples, and shiny nose fish (Polydactylus quadrifilis), shrimp (Parapenaeopsis atlantica) and periwinkle (Tympanostonus fuscatus) of Esuk Ekpo Eyo Beach, Akpabuyo, Cross River State, South East Nigeria were investigated using AAS spectrophotometer. The mean concentrations (mg/l) of Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe, and Ni in sediments for the dry and wet seasons were ۱.۰۰۴۰.۶۵۸ mg/l, and ۰.۵۴۶۰.۴۰۶ mg/l for Cr, ۰.۴۶۲۰۰۰.۰۷۱ mg/l and ۰.۰۲۰۰.۰۱۰ mg/l for Cu, ۰.۳۴۴۰.۰۱۵۹۴ mg/l and ۰.۰۲۸۵۰.۰۰۶۲ mg/l for Pb, ۰.۰۱۹۱۷۰.۰۱۶۹۳ mg/l and ۰.۰۲۱۳۳۰.۰۱۰۸۹ mg/l for Cd, ۰.۱۷۵۲۰.۰۱۱۲mg/l and ۰.۱۵۰۳۰.۱۲۱۶mg/l for Ni, ۶۴.۰۰۳.۹۶۴ mg/l and ۳۹.۹۱۴.۱۸۷ mg/l for Fe. TThe concentrations (mg/l) for Cr in shiny nose fish, Fe in shrimp, and Cd in periwinkle for the dry and wet seasons were ۰.۰۱۹۰.۰۰۷ mg/l and ۰.۰۳۶ ۰.۰۰۱ mg/l for Cr, ۰.۳۲۷۰.۰۰۱ mg/l and ۰.۷۴۰۰.۰۰۱ mg/l for Fe, ۰.۰۲۱۰.۰۰۷ and ۰.۰۰۹۰.۰۰۴ for Cd in periwinkle. The estimated daily intake of these metals in fish, shrimp, and periwinkle analyzed using the estimated daily intake formula were all below the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) recommended daily intake limits. Physicochemical analysis was carried out to determine the values of pH, TOC, TOM, silt, clay, and sand for sediments, also pH, turbidity, TDS, TSS, EC, and salinity for water samples. The pollution load index calculated for sediment showed moderately severe enrichment for the dry season and minor enrichment for the wet season while the modified degree of contamination of the geo-accumulation index in the sediments was less than ۱.۵, hence no contamination. The results of Pearson’s correlation matrix showed that significant correlations were observed among variables at ۰.۰۵ levels.The seasonal variations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Hg, and Zn) in sediments, water samples, and shiny nose fish (Polydactylus quadrifilis), shrimp (Parapenaeopsis atlantica) and periwinkle (Tympanostonus fuscatus) of Esuk Ekpo Eyo Beach, Akpabuyo, Cross River State, South East Nigeria were investigated using AAS spectrophotometer. The mean concentrations (mg/l) of Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe, and Ni in sediments for the dry and wet seasons were ۱.۰۰۴۰.۶۵۸ mg/l, and ۰.۵۴۶۰.۴۰۶ mg/l for Cr, ۰.۴۶۲۰۰۰.۰۷۱ mg/l and ۰.۰۲۰۰.۰۱۰ mg/l for Cu, ۰.۳۴۴۰.۰۱۵۹۴ mg/l and ۰.۰۲۸۵۰.۰۰۶۲ mg/l for Pb, ۰.۰۱۹۱۷۰.۰۱۶۹۳ mg/l and ۰.۰۲۱۳۳۰.۰۱۰۸۹ mg/l for Cd, ۰.۱۷۵۲۰.۰۱۱۲mg/l and ۰.۱۵۰۳۰.۱۲۱۶mg/l for Ni, ۶۴.۰۰۳.۹۶۴ mg/l and ۳۹.۹۱۴.۱۸۷ mg/l for Fe. TThe concentrations (mg/l) for Cr in shiny nose fish, Fe in shrimp, and Cd in periwinkle for the dry and wet seasons were ۰.۰۱۹۰.۰۰۷ mg/l and ۰.۰۳۶ ۰.۰۰۱ mg/l for Cr, ۰.۳۲۷۰.۰۰۱ mg/l and ۰.۷۴۰۰.۰۰۱ mg/l for Fe, ۰.۰۲۱۰.۰۰۷ and ۰.۰۰۹۰.۰۰۴ for Cd in periwinkle. The estimated daily intake of these metals in fish, shrimp, and periwinkle analyzed using the estimated daily intake formula were all below the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) recommended daily intake limits. Physicochemical analysis was carried out to determine the values of pH, TOC, TOM, silt, clay, and sand for sediments, also pH, turbidity, TDS, TSS, EC, and salinity for water samples. The pollution load index calculated for sediment showed moderately severe enrichment for the dry season and minor enrichment for the wet season while the modified degree of contamination of the geo-accumulation index in the sediments was less than ۱.۵, hence no contamination. The results of Pearson’s correlation matrix showed that significant correlations were observed among variables at ۰.۰۵ levels.

کلیدواژه ها:

Seasonal Variation ، Heavy Metals ، Periwinkle ، Shrimp ، Pollution Load Index