Low-Level Laser Therapy in Russia: History, Science and Practice

Abstract In Russia (formerly USSR) study of biomodulation action (BMA) mechanisms of low-intensity laser irradiation (LILI) began in ۱۹۶۴, immediately after the development of lasers. During the period from ۱۹۶۵ to ۱۹۷۲ several dozens of scientific conferences were held, hundreds of studies were published. Generally, secondary mechanisms and results of LILI effect on patients with various diseases were studied. This data was immediately implemented into practical medicine in the fields of oncology, surgery, dermatology and dentistry, and since ۱۹۷۴ low level laser therapy (LLLT) is included in the standard of state medical care. For ۵۰ years no less than ۱۰۰۰ books were published (monographs, collections, methodical and clinical materials), thousands of researches were carried out. Primary mechanism and patterns of interaction of LILI with acceptors within cells can be represented in the following order: absorption of photon’s energy – emergence of a local temperature gradient – release of Ca۲+ from intracellular stores – stimulating Ca۲+–dependent processes. Understanding of this process allowed the explanation of all known secondary effects, optimized methods and extremely increased effectiveness of LLLT. Owing to the knowledge of BMA mechanisms of LILI, numerous associated and combined LLLT techniques were developed and are widely used nowadays: locally, on the projection of internal organs, laser acupuncture, reflexology, intracavitary, transdermal and intravenous laser blood illumination, magnetic-laser therapy, laser phoresis, laser-vacuum massage, biomodulation, etc. About ۴۰۰ ۰۰۰ laser therapeutic devices are used in Russian practical healthcare. Unique, having no analogues in the world devices, are produced – red pulsed laser diodes (wavelength ۶۳۵ nm, power ۵-۴۰ W, pulse duration ۱۰۰ ns, frequency ۱۰ ۰۰۰ Hz) are designed specially for effective laser therapy. Keywords: Low-level laser therapy Laser biomodulation Mechanisms and methods Russia