Frequency of retinopathy of prematurity at a tertiary referral center

Abstract Background: With advances in medical facilities and increased survival of premature infants, the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has increased. This study aimed to determine the frequency of ROP and its associated risk factors. Methods: This descriptive-analytical, retrospective study included all premature infants with a birth weight (BW) equal or less than ۲,۵۰۰ g and/or gestational age (GA) equal or less than ۳۵ weeks who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, for ROP screening over a ۷-year period from April ۲۰۱۳ to April ۲۰۲۰. Demographic criteria, associated risk factors, and findings of eye examinations were collected and analyzed. Results: Of the ۸۱۲ at-risk infants screened, ۸۰۷ met the inclusion criteria. ROP was observed in ۳۱۶ (۳۹.۰%) of the ۸۰۷ premature infants, with types I and II in ۱۴۲ (۴۵.۰%) and ۱۷۴ (۵۵.۰%) infants, respectively. The mean GA (۲۹.۶ ± ۲.۵ weeks versus ۳۰.۷ ± ۲.۵ weeks) and BW (۱,۲۰۳.۶ ± ۳۸۲.۸ g versus ۱,۳۳۳.۵ ± ۳۸۶.۵ g) were significantly lower in infants with ROP than in those without ROP (both P < ۰.۰۰۱). GA (r = ۰.۸۰; P < ۰.۰۰۱) and BW (r = ۰.۸۵; P < ۰.۰۰۱) had a strong positive correlation with ROP, and the correlation increased as GA and BW decreased (all P < ۰.۰۰۱). Associated risk factors in infants with ROP, in order of frequency, were oxygen therapy (۲۲.۸%), respiratory distress (۱۶.۱%), phototherapy (۱۴.۶%), blood transfusion (۵.۷%), apnea (۴.۱%), mechanical ventilation (۱.۶%), and intraventricular hemorrhage (۰.۹%). Multivariate regression analyses showed low GA and BW (both P < ۰.۰۵) as independent predictors of ROP. Conclusions: The frequency of ROP in premature infants was slightly higher than the average range reported for domestic and foreign statistics. Low BW and GA were independent predictors of ROP.