Libertarianism and Circumcision

سال انتشار: 1393
نوع سند: مقاله ژورنالی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 73

فایل این مقاله در 8 صفحه با فرمت PDF قابل دریافت می باشد

استخراج به نرم افزارهای پژوهشی:

لینک ثابت به این مقاله:

شناسه ملی سند علمی:

JR_HPM-3-1_008

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 16 مرداد 1403

چکیده مقاله:

Despite the millenniums-old tradition in Abrahamic circles of removing the foreskin of a penis at birth, the involuntary and aggressive practice of circumcision must not be made an exception to the natural, negative right to self-ownership—a birthright which should prevent a parent from physically harming a child from the moment of birth going forward. This paper will present a natural rights argument against the practice of male child circumcision, while also looking into some of the potential physical and psychological consequences of the practice. It will compare the practice with that of female circumcision, which is banned in developed nations but still practiced in the third world, as well as other forms of aggressive action, some once-prevalent, while disputing arguments made for parental ownership of the child, religious expression, cultural tradition, cleanliness, cosmetics, and conformity.

نویسندگان

Patrick Testa

Joseph A. Butt, S.J. College of Business, Loyola University, New Orleans, USA

Walter Block

Joseph A. Butt, S.J. College of Business, Loyola University, New Orleans, USA

مراجع و منابع این مقاله:

لیست زیر مراجع و منابع استفاده شده در این مقاله را نمایش می دهد. این مراجع به صورت کاملا ماشینی و بر اساس هوش مصنوعی استخراج شده اند و لذا ممکن است دارای اشکالاتی باشند که به مرور زمان دقت استخراج این محتوا افزایش می یابد. مراجعی که مقالات مربوط به آنها در سیویلیکا نمایه شده و پیدا شده اند، به خود مقاله لینک شده اند :
  • Darby RJ. Medical history and medical practice: persistent myths about ...
  • Darby RJ. The riddle of the sands: circumcision, history, and ...
  • Gollaher D. Circumcision: a history of the world’s most controversial ...
  • Marck J. Aspects of male circumcision in sub-equatorial African culture ...
  • West JA. The traveler’s key to ancient Egypt: a guide ...
  • The Circumcision Information and Resource Pages [homepage on the Internet]. ...
  • Silverman EK. The Cut of Wholeness: Psychoanalytic Interpretations of Biblical ...
  • Glick NS. Zipporah and the Bridegroom of Blood: Searching for ...
  • Narvaez D. Circumcision: Social, Sexual, Psychological Realities. Psychology Today [serial ...
  • Locke J. An Essay Concerning the True Origin, Extent and ...
  • Locke J. Second Treatise of Civil Government. Chicago: Henry Regnery; ...
  • Barnett RE. The Intersection of Natural Rights and Positive Constitutional ...
  • Barnett RE. Getting Normative, the Role of Natural Rights in ...
  • Blackman RJ. There is There There: Defending the Defenseless with ...
  • Flew A. Could there be Universal Natural Rights? The Journal ...
  • Machan T. Against nonlibertarian natural rights. The Journal of Libertarian ...
  • Osterfeld D. The Natural Rights Debate: A Comment on a ...
  • Rothbard MN. Introduction to Natural Law. Mises Daily [serial on ...
  • Van Dun F. Human dignity: reason or desire? Journal of ...
  • Kinsella SN. ۲۰۰۶. How we come to own ourselves. Mises ...
  • Forde S. John Locke and the Natural Law and Natural ...
  • Block WE. Libertarianism, Positive Obligations and Property Abandonment: Children’s Rights. ...
  • Block WE. A libertarian perspective on the stem cell debate: ...
  • Block WE. Terri Schiavo: A Libertarian Analysis. Journal of Libertarian ...
  • Block WE, Whitehead R. Compromising the Uncompromisable: A Private Property ...
  • Rights. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ۲۰۱۱ July ۲. Available from: ...
  • Lannon CM, Bailey AND, Fleischman AR, Kaplan GW, Shoemaker CT, ...
  • Kukathas C. Two Constructions of Libertarianism [internet]. ۲۰۰۱. Available from: ...
  • Rothbard MN. The Ethics of Liberty. New York and London: ...
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights [internet]. ۱۹۴۸. The United Nations. ...
  • Convention On the Rights of the Child. ۱۹۸۹. The United ...
  • Shah A. Rights of the Child. Global Issues [serial on ...
  • Reynaert D, Bouverne-de-Bie M, Vandevelde S. A review of children’s ...
  • Stedman’s Medical Dictionary. Baltimore: William & Wilkins Publishers; ۱۹۹۰. p. ...
  • Glick LB. Marked in Your Flesh. New York: Oxford University ...
  • Narvaez D. Myths about Circumcision You Likely Believe. Psychology Today ...
  • Denniston GC. An Epidemic of Circumcision. National Organization of Circumcision ...
  • Narvaez D. Circumcision Ethics and Economics. Psychology Today [serial on ...
  • Atendido MCM. The ۲۰۱۲ AAP Policy Statement: Skinning the New ...
  • BMA Medical Ethics Committee. The Law & Ethics of Male ...
  • Denniston GC. Human Rights Advances in the United States. In: ...
  • Craig A, Bollinger D. Of Waste and Want: A Nationwide ...
  • Geisheker JV. Toward Regulation of Non-Therapeutic Genital Surgeries Upon Minors: ...
  • Evans S. German Circumcision Ban: Is It a Parent’s Right ...
  • Boyle GJ, Svoboda JS, Price CP, Turner JN. Circumcision of ...
  • Whitehorn J, Ayonrinde O, Maingay S. Female Genital Mutilation: Cultural ...
  • McKinnon C. Toleration. London and New York: Routledge; ۲۰۰۶ ...
  • Svoboda JS. Genital Integrity and Gender Equity. In: Denniston GC, ...
  • Erez S, Tabory E. Circumscribed Circumcision: The Motivations and Identities ...
  • Abusharaf RM. Virtuous Cuts: Female Genital Circumcision in an African ...
  • Young H. Circumcision as a Memeplex. In: Denniston GC, Gallo ...
  • Geisheker JV. What Is the Greatest Danger for an Uncircumcised ...
  • Llewellyn DJ. Strategies for Litigation. In: Denniston GC, Gallo PG, ...
  • Narvaez D. More Circumcision Myths You May Believe: Hygiene and ...
  • Dewan PA, Tieu HC, Chieng BS. Phimosis: is circumcision necessary. ...
  • McGregor TB, Pike JG, Leonard MP. Pathologic and physiologic phimosis: ...
  • Steadman B, Ellsworth P. To circ or not to circ: ...
  • Learman LA. Neonatal Circumcision: A Dispassionate Analysis. Clin Obstet Gynecol ...
  • World Health Organization and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AID. ...
  • American Academy of Family Physicians.Circumcision: Position Paper on Neonatal Circumcision. ...
  • Auvert B, Taljaard D, Lagarde E, Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Sitta R, ...
  • Gray R, Kigozi G, Serwadda D, Makumbi F, Watya S, ...
  • Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, Agot K, Maclean I, ...
  • The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency [internet]. ۲۰۱۱. Available from: ...
  • Williams BG, Lloyd-Smith JO, Gouws E, Hankins C, Getz WM, ...
  • Laumann EO, Masi CM, Zuckerman EW. Circumcision in the United ...
  • McAllister RG, Travis JW, Bollinger D, Rutiser C, Veeraraghavan Sundar. ...
  • Van Howe RS. A Cost-Utility Analysis of Neonatal Circumcision. Med ...
  • Boyle GJ, Goldman R, Svoboda JS, Fernandez E. ۱ May ...
  • Hammond T. A preliminary poll of men circumcised in infancy ...
  • Frisch M, Lindholm M, Grønbæk M. Male circumcision and sexual ...
  • Aydur E, Gungor S, Ceyhan ST, Taiimaz L, Baser I. ...
  • Goldman R. The Psychological Impact of Circumcision. BJU Int ۱۹۹۹; ...
  • Ramos S, Boyle GJ. Ritual and Medical Circumcision Among Filipino ...
  • Zhang X, Shinde S, Kilmarx PH, Chen RT, Cox S, ...
  • Kozak LJ, Lees KA, DeFrances CJ. National Hospital Discharge Survey: ...
  • Friedman M. Free to Choose. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich; ...
  • نمایش کامل مراجع