Diabetes-Associated Autoantibodies and their Relationship to Clinical Characteristics in Children Diagnosed with Type ۱ Diabetes

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the frequency of the type ۱ diabetes (T۱DM) specific auto-antibodies: Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GADA), Islet Cell Cytoplasmic (ICA), Insulinoma-Associated-۲/Tyrosine Phosphatase (IA-۲A), and Insulin autoantibody (IAA). Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from March ۲۰۱۹ to December ۲۰۲۰. Registered type ۱ diabetic patients under ۱۸ who visited the diabetes clinic of Bu Ali Sina Hospital of Sari, Iran, were included. The autoantibody, clinical, and biochemistries profile of each participant was recorded. Results: A total of ۱۹۰ children diagnosed with type ۱ diabetes were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was ۱۳.۱۴ ± ۰.۳۶ years. Based on the mono test, the highest prevalence was seen in ICA (۱۰۴, ۶۶.۶۷ %). Also, based on multiple tests, ICA + GADA had the highest prevalence (۱۳۵, ۴۹.۶۳%). Patients with positive IA-A۲ and ICA compared to negative IA-A۲ and ICA had higher age at diabetes onset (۸.۹۳ ± ۴.۱۱ vs. ۷.۷۳ ± ۴.۳۳, p= ۰.۰۲) (۸.۸ ± ۴.۲۲ vs. ۶.۸۱ ± ۴.۱, p= ۰.۰۱) receptively. The HbA۱c level at T۱DM onset in patients with positive IAA was lower than negative IAA (۷.۸۴ ± ۱.۸۲ vs. ۹.۴۱ ± ۲.۳۵, p= ۰.۰۰۰۹). There was a significant difference in hyperglycemia with positive and negative IA-A۲, in which the chance of positive IA-A۲ was ۵۴% lower in hyperglycemia than in euglycemia (OR= ۰.۴۶ (۰.۲۲-۰.۹۶ ۹۵% CI), p= ۰.۰۴). Conclusion: the ICA and ICA+GADA had the most prevalence in T۱DM patients in northern Iran.

کلیدواژه ها:

Type ۱ diabetes ، Children and adolescents ، Islet autoantibodies ​​​​​​​