Nanomaterials and stem cell

Nanomaterials hold great promise in biological and biomedical fields owing to their unique properties, suchas controllable particle size, facile synthesis, large surface-to-volume ratio, tunable surface chemistry, andbiocompatibility. Scaffold materials play an important role in directing tissue growth and offer opportunitiesto manipulate and control stem cell behavior. Scaffolds for tissue engineering have been evolving throughcreation of preferred morphologies and specifically tailored physical properties. Scaffold materials for bonetissue engineering demand an internal structural design that is highly porous in nature and exhibits a largesurface to volume ratio. These characteristics support the adhesion of cells, promote cellular ingrowth, andhelp regulate delivery of nutrients and removal of wastes. Scaffolds for tissue repair should have goodbiocompatibility, be biodegradable, and capable of interacting with cells of interest. Polymeric matrices arepromising candidates because they are able to meet these requirements for tissue scaffolds; however, they arenot able to provide the specific cues needed for cellular growth and differentiation. Thus, polymer compositescaffolds have gained more interest due to their enhanced physical properties and biocompatibility. Thereforea thorough understanding of stem cell-nanomaterial interactions is still necessary not only to accelerate thesuccess of medical treatments but also to ensure the safety of the tools provided by these novel technologies.Understanding the different properties of different nanoparticles is the key to their application in clinicaltreatments. As the climax of the nanotechnology era approaches, tissue engineering is being explored bymeans of exploiting the multipotent abilities of stem cells and their adherence to bioactive surfacenanocomposite polymers. The latter takes place via a series of signaling events: imobilization, adhesion,chemoattraction, migration, proliferation, and finally their differentiation in mature endothelial cells. Weprovide an overview of current strategies in stem cell therapies and how they can be combined withnanotechnology to improve clinical outcomes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nanomaterials ، stem cell ، nanomaterial