Overview of Physical Behavior, Permeability, and Shear Stress of Porous Bone HA/PMMA Scaffold Composites

Segmental bone defects (SBDs) pose a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery due to their limitedregenerative capacity. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) offers a promising approach for addressing these defects bycombining cells, scaffolds, and signaling factors. However, constructing scaffolds with properties mimicking nativebone remains a challenge. This review examines key parameters affecting scaffold performance in BTE, includingporosity, compressive strength, osteoconductivity, and permeability. Porous scaffolds with appropriate porosity andpore sizes enhance cell seeding and tissue regeneration, while maintaining compressive strength is vital for loadbearingcapability. Osteoconductivity and permeability facilitate tissue ingrowth and nutrient transfer, respectively.Bioreactors provide a controlled environment for cell culture within scaffolds, with fluid shear stress influencingcellular behavior. Computational modeling techniques such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with micro-CT aid in scaffold design and evaluation. Ceramic-based materials, particularly hydroxyapatite (HA), show promise due to their biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties. Composite scaffolds incorporating HA and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) offer a potential solution, yet their permeability and shear stress characteristics warrant further investigation. This study presents a novel approach to addressing the brittleness of HA by fabricating HA/PMMA composite scaffolds using solvent leaching techniques. Variation in HA content allows for tuning scaffold properties, with computational modeling confirming their suitability for bone tissue engineering applications.

کلیدواژه ها:

bone tissue engineering ، hydroxyapatite ، polymethyl methacrylate ، scaffold design ، porous scaffolds