An overview of petroleum wastewater: its environmentalimpacts, treatment methods, and safe reuse options

Petroleum production requires a lot of water, ranging from ۷۴.۰ to ۰۴۷ liters per liter of crude oil. Mostof this water (۰۷-%۷۹) is discharged as waste, polluting the environment and surface water with ecotoxicsubstances. This review aims to highlight the environmental risks of petroleum wastewater and the ways totreat and reuse it safely. The review covers various wastewater treatment technologies, such as membrane,biological, electro-chemical, physical/chemical, and catalytic methods. These technologies can removedifferent contaminants from the petroleum produced water (PPW) and make it suitable for non-drinking uses.The review also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, as well as the bestcombinations and sequences to achieve optimal results. By treating and reusing PPW, we can conserve waterresources and protect the environment from harmful emissions.

کلیدواژه ها:

petroleum production ، waste effluents ، environmental contamination ، safe reuse ، petroleumwastewater