Application of red ginseng for synthesis of palladiumnanoparticles as catalyst for C-C coupling reactions

There has been a growing interest in the design of environmentally affable and biocompatible nanoparticlesamong scientists to find novel and safe biomaterials. The accelerated expansion of the studies innanotechnology has resulted in an extensive set of nanoparticles that differ in size, shape, charge, cappinglayer, and stability. However, the major challenge for scientists is the creation of novel nanoparticles withoutthe use of toxic chemicals to eliminate the risks in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Hence,harmless solvents, nontoxic reducing agents, and renewable materials are key in the production ofenvironmentally affable and biocompatible nanoparticles (Jiménez Perez et al. ۲۰۱۷).Synthesis of nanoparticle using plants extracts by green synthesis technology is biologically safe, eco-friendlyand cost-effective. Here, we report the use of natural and herbal red ginseng medicinal roots for the synthesisof palladium nanoparticles. The plant belongs to the Araliaceae family, and is well known for itspharmacologic importance in humans (Kiefer and Pantuso ۲۰۰۳). The use of the herbal medicinal plant fornanoparticle synthesis avoids the contamination of some toxic chemicals and solvents in the nanoparticles, andhazardous by-products, and thus is an additional advantage for the production, and for the pharmaceutical andbiomedical applications, of nanoparticles (Kim et al. ۲۰۱۴). The main constituents of red ginseng areginsenosides or polysaccharides, amino acids, flavones, peptide glycans, acetylenic compounds, and pyranderivatives. The ginsenosides have the ability to improve immunity, insulin sensitivity, and impaired memory,and have anti-aging and anti-cancer components, along with anti-stress and antioxidant activity as well (Singhet al. ۲۰۱۵).In order to expand the use of plants as the support for palladium nanoparticles, we decided to introduce redginseng as a suitable and naturally degradable support for stabilization of palladium nanoparticles. Thiscomposite was used as the catalyst for Mizoroki-Heck C-C coupling reaction (Fig. ۱). The prepared pdnanoparticles are characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fouriertransform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)

کلیدواژه ها:

red ginseng ، Heck ، catalyst ، palladium ، nanoparticles