Geopolitics and Environmental Issues in the Caspian Sea

Nowadays, a noticeable part of the relations among the states turn around the environment protection. Therefore, the right for ever-creasing use of the existing resources of this inland sea cannot be exclusive to any Caspian State and the aftermath involves all countries of this basin. In this respect, agreement on political border and boundaries with the Caspian Sea?s ecosystem is a difficult issue. The unstable resources of fish reserves, underground oil pools, migratory animals and instability of resources that so often seem to be harmful, particularly for their potential power of passing through borders, are the subject of geopolitical disputes among the states of this basin. According to the above-mentioned points, the basic question in the present article is: ?What is the role of the environmental issues in geopolitical relations of the Caspian States?? Therefore, it is supposed that a consideration of environmental issues in exploiting different resources of the Caspian Sea can set up peace among the Caspian countries.   REFRENCES Afshar, S.I. (۲۰۰۱) Mazandaran Sea. Office of Political and International Studies. ۸۹-۱۴۵. Agnew, J. (۲۰۰۲) Making Political Geography. Arnold Publisher. New York. ۱۵۷- ۱۶۳. Ahmadi, L.B. (۲۰۰۴) A Guide to the Khazar Region, Central Asian Countries and the South Caucasus. Abrar Moaser. ۱۳-۱۴. Braden, K. & Shelley, F. (۲۰۰۴) Epidemic Geopolitics. Translated by Farshchi, A. & Rahnama, H. Dore Âli Jang. ۲۳۴. Buzan, B. and others (۲۰۰۷) Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Translated by Tayyeb, A. R. Pajhuheshkade Motale'ate Rahbordi Tehran, Iran. CEP, (۲۰۰۵) Caspian Environment Program. UN. ۵. CEP, (۲۰۰۷) Matched Small Grants and Micro Environmental Grants of the Caspian Environment Program. UN. ۱۰. Cox, K., R. Low, M. & Robinson, J. (۲۰۰۸) The SAGE Handbook of Political Geography. SAGE Publication. ۲۰۵- ۲۳۰. Darabadi, Q.P, (۲۰۰۳) The History of Khazar Region Geography, Geopolitics and Contemporary Era. Central Asia and Caucasus Studies. ۲۷۵. Dehqan, F. (۲۰۰۳) A Survey on Oil and Gas of the Khazar Sea and its Effect on Security of the Country and Islamic Republic. Hameh Press. ۲۷۵. Zeinolabedin et al., ۱۲۱ Dehqan, F. (۲۰۰۵) Khazar Sea and National Security. Bashir Elm& Adab Press. ۱۳۱. Johnston R. J., Taylor P.J. & Watts M. (۲۰۰۴) Geographies of Global change Translated by Noorian N. Dore Âli Jang. ۴۴۹- ۵۶۹. Dodds K. (۲۰۰۰) Geopolitics in the changing world. Translated by Ahmadi poor Z. Balagh Danesh Publication. ۶۱- ۹۷. Glassner, M. & Fahrer, C. (۲۰۰۴), Political Geography, John Wiley Publication, ۵۵۴-۵۶۲. Hafeznia, M. R. (۲۰۰۵), Principles and Concepts of Geopolitics, Papeli Publication. ۷۰-۷۳. Molayi, A.R. (۲۰۰۵), A Survey on Geopolitics Reader, Daneshkade Emam Bagher. ۲۵۶- ۲۷۴. Molaie, Y. (۲۰۰۵) Sovereignty and International Law. Elm Press. ۳۴۳- ۳۵۳. Mostaqimi, B., (۲۰۰۵) Protection of Khazar Sea Environment. Foreign Ministry Press, ۵۷- ۶۵. Muir, R. (۱۹۹۷) Political Geography: A New Introduction. Translated by Mir Heydar D. Armed Forces Geography Org. ۴۲۵- ۴۷۷. Nadsa, (۲۰۰۳) Khazar and Interests of Islamic Republic of Iran. Sayeh Roshan Press. ۱۳. O'Tuathail G., Dalby S. & Routhledge P. (۲۰۰۰) The Geopolitics Thoughts in Twentieth Century. Translated by Hafeznia M. R. & Nasiri H., Office of Political and International Studies. ۴۰۵- ۵۵۵. Safari, M. (۲۰۰۵) Structure and Political Changes in Russian Federation and Relations with Islamic Republic of Iran. Foreign Ministry Press. ۱۲۷-۱۲۹. Safavi, S.Y. (۲۰۰۰) An Introduction to Iran’s Military Geography. ۲nd Vol. Armed Forces Geography Org. pp. ۴۵-۴۶. Sand, Ph. (۱۹۹۴) Principles of International Law, Framework, Standards and Implementation. Manchester University Press. ۱۸۹ p. United Nations (۲۰۰۷) Basic Charts of Khazar, Caviar and other Challenges. UN. ۵۳. Vaezi, M. (۲۰۰۷) Geopolitics of Crisis in Central Asia & Caucasus. Foreign Ministry Press. ۲۷۹ p. Yahyapoor, M. S. (۲۰۰۸) The Function of Guilan in the Geopolinomie of the Caspian Region. Islamic Azad University (Rasht Branch). Zeinolabedin, Y. (۲۰۰۴) Political Geography and Management of Seas (with an Emphasis on Sea Borders of Iran. Islamic Azad University (Science & Research Branch). ۲۳۸. Zeinolabedin, Y. (۲۰۰۷) An Overview on Advanced Political Geography, Guil Press.۱۵۴ -۱۶۱. Zeinolabedin, Y. & Paknejad, H. R. (۲۰۰۷) An Introduction to Environmental Geopolitics. Islamic Azad University (Science & Research Branch). ۱۰۵. Zeinolabedin, Y. (۲۰۰۸) Geopolitical Understand of Environmental Issues as a New Phenomenon (Case Study: Caspian Sea) Islamic Azad University (Rasht Branch).

کلیدواژه ها:

Geopolitics ، Caspian Sea ، Environment ، Ecology ، Pollution