A comparative study on artificial germination of two microsporidia under the neutralization method

Lamerin microspridia (Lbms) isolated from Lamerin breed of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, L. and the standard strain Nosema bombycis, were induced to germinate artificially by two-step procedure. Fresh percoll purified spores were activated by incubating them in potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) (pH ۱۱.۰۰) and germinated artificially by using phosphate buffer saline (PBS), (pH ۷.۰۰). Germinated spores appeared black under phase contrast microscope. Germination percentage amoung the microsporidia spores varied in different concentrations of KOH. The Lbms was found poor germinator as compared to Nosema bombycis in all the concentrations of the chemicals. The length of the extruded polar filament was also varied between the two microsporidia.   REFERENCES Bhat, Sh.A. and Nataraju, B. (۲۰۰۴) Preliminary study on a Microsporidian isolate occurring in the Lamerin breed of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. in India. Int. J. Indust. Entomol. ۲, ۲۶۵ – ۲۶۷. Bhat, Sh.A. and Nataraju, B. (۲۰۰۵) A report on the impact of the microsporidian parasite on Lamerin breed of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Int. J. Indust. Entomol. ۲, ۱۴۳ – ۱۴۵. Brayan, R.T. (۱۹۹۵) Microsporidia, In G.L. Mandell, J.E., Bennett and Dolin, R. (ed.), Principles and practice of infectious diseases, ۴ th ed. Churchill Livingstone, Inc., New York, N.Y., pp. ۲۵۱۳ -۲۵۲۴. Canning, E.U. and Lom, J. (۱۹۸۶) The microsporidia of vertebrates. Academic press. Inc., New York, N.Y. Canning, E.U. and Hollister, W.S. (۱۹۸۷) Microsporidia of mammals- widespread pathogens or opportunistic curiosities. Parasitolo. Today. ۳‚ ۲۶۷-۲۷۳. Canning, E. U. and Hollister, W S. (۱۹۹۲) The importance of microsporidia as opportunistic infectious in patients with acquires immune deficiency syndrome. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. ۴, ۴۲۲-۴۲۷. Cantwell, G.E. (۱۹۷۴) Insect diseases. Vol. II, Marcel Dekkar Inc. New York, pp. ۵۰۱-۵۴۷. Fujiwara, T. (۱۹۸۰) Three microsporidians (Nosema spp.) from the silkworm Bombyx mori. J. Seric. Sci. Jpn. ۴۹‚ ۲۲۹-۲۳۶. Fujiwara, T. (۱۹۸۴a) A pleistophora like microsporidian isolated from the silkworm Bombyx mori. J. Seric. Sci. Jpn. ۵۳, ۳۹۸-۴۰۲. Fujiwara, T. (۱۹۸۴b) Thelohania sp. (Microsporidia; Thelohaniidae) isolated from the the silkworm Bombyx mori. J. Seric. Sci. Jpn. ۵۳, ۳۹۸-۴۰۲.  Fujiwara, T. (۱۹۸۵) Microsporidian from silkmoths in egg production Sericulture. J.Seric. Sci. Jpn. ۵۴, ۱۰۸-۱۱۱. Fujiwara, T. (۱۹۹۳) Comprehensive report on the silkworm disease control. A report on “Bivoltine Sericulture Technology Development in India” submitted to Central Silk Board, Bangalore, India, ۱۱۰ p. Govindan, R., Narayanaswamy, T.K. and Devaiah, M.C. (۱۹۹۸) Principles of silkworm pathology. ser. Scientific Publishers, Banagalore, India, ۴۲۰ p.  Issi, I.V. (۱۹۸۶) Microsporidia phylum of parasitic protozoa, Protozoology. (Leningrad) ۱۰, ۶- ۱۳۶. Keohan, E.M. and Weiss, L.M. (۱۹۹۹) The structure, function and composition of microsporidian polar tube, In The Microsporidia and Microsporopdiosis, pp. ۱۹۶ – ۲۲۴. ASM Press, Washington, D. C. Larson, J.I.R. (۱۹۸۸) Identification of microsporidian genera (Protozoa, Microspora) – a guide with comments on the taxomony. Arch. Protistenkd. ۱۳۶, ۱-۳۷. Lom, J. and Vavr, J. (۱۹۶۳) The mode of sporoplasm extrusion in microsporidian spores. Acta. Porotozool. ۱, ۸۱ – ۸۹. Naegelli, K.W. (۱۸۵۷) Uber die neue Krankheit der Seidenraupe und verwandte organismen. Bot. Z. ۱۵, ۷۶۰-۷۶۱. Peer, Y.V.W. Ali, A.B. and Meyer, A. (۲۰۰۰) Microsporidia accumulating molecular evidence that a group of amitochondriate and suspectedly primative eukaryotes are just curious fungi. Gene. ۲۴۶, ۱-۸. Sasidharan, T.O. Singh, R.N. and Santha, P.C. (۲۰۰۳) Studies on the microsporidiosis of silkworm, B. mori, L. Annual Report- SSTL Banagalore, pp. ۱-۳. Sato, R. and Watanabe, H. (۱۹۸۰) Purification of mature Microsporodian spores by iso density equilibrium centrifugation, J. Seric. Sci. Jpn. ۴۹, ۵۱۲-۵۱۶. Selvakumar, T., Nataraju, B., Chandrasekharan, K., Sharma, S.D., Balavenkatasubbaiah, M., Sudhakara, R., Thiagarajan, V. and Dandin, S.B. (۲۰۰۵) Isolation of a new microsporidian sp. (NIK-۵hm) forming spores within the haemocytes of silkworm, B.mori L. Int. J. Indust. Entomol. ۱۱, ۶۳- ۶۶. Yasunaga, C., Funakoshi, M., Kawarabata, T. and Hayasaka, S. (۱۹۹۱) Infection and development of Nosema spp. NIS- M۱۱ (Microsporida: Protozoa) in a Lepidopteron cell line. J. Seric. Sic. Japan. ۶۰, ۴۵۰-۴۵۶. Yasunaga, C., Funakoshi, M., Kawarabata, T. and Hayasaka, S. (۱۹۹۲) Comparative inoculation of Antheraea eucalypti (lipidoptera: Saturniidae) cell cultures with EDTA or KOH primed spores of Nosema Sp. NIS-M۱۱ (Microsporida: Nosematidae), J. of Invert. Pathol. ۶, ۱۰۹-۱۱۰.

کلیدواژه ها:

Artificial germination ، Lamerin ، Microsporidia ، Phosphate buffer ، Bombyx mori