An overview of Maritime Terrorism and Piracy and its Impact on International Trade According to the International Law

Piracy is one of the anomalies and basic problems in the maritime zone of littoral state and high sea, which imposes additional costs on international trade and requires urgent measures by the international community for a solution. Incidents of piracy, such as the boarding, hijacking or shooting of shipping companies' ships, not only harm the crew, ships or cargo, but also cause route deviations, delays and additional costs in international maritime trade. Therefore, both the direct and indirect cost of piracy to the industry and its impact on international trade cannot be ignored. Studies show that piracy imposes significant costs on the global economy. On the other hand, pirate activities lead not only to economic affairs, but also to humanitarian affairs. Therefore, international regulations and agreements should be established to solve legal issues related to piracy. Most importantly, the roots of the problem must be addressed and the factors that cause and facilitate piracy must be well understood. More than ۹۰% of the world’s trade is done by merchant ship lines and their security is very important. Piracy is term used to describe violent acts carried out by terrorists and pirates at sea. Intelligence analysts, law enforcement officials, and policymakers have become increasingly concerned about the possibility of future maritime pirate's attacks. This study uses an analytical–descriptive approach to analyze the Study of Piracy from the Perspective of International Regulations and Their Impact on Trade and Transport.The findings of this study show that Piracy is one of the most important threats to international trade and maritime transport security. The maritime environment possesses some unique characteristics, including the extraterritoriality of the high seas and poor or inconsistent security measures that apply in ships and coastal areas and facilities could make them attractive to pirate operations in many parts of the world. Therefore, to have an efficient and effective fight against piracy based on the rule of law, the most important international sources to study the challenges against piracy are the ۱۹۸۲ United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Security Council Approvals, and IMO regulations. Although the approval of national laws of countries can bring transparency and efficiency in the fight against the phenomenon of piracy. Finally, Regional cooperation among States has an important role to play in solving the problem of piracy and armed robbery against ships.

کلیدواژه ها:

Maritime Terrorism ، Piracy ، Security ، International Law and Regulations ، Trade ، Transport