EVALUATION OF SMART MATERIALS THAT CHANGE PROPERTIES IN ARCHITECTURE

Smart materials are not only used instead of traditional materials, but also becomeapplicable as technology elements thanks to their active behavior properties. For example, asmart material can simultaneously perform the functions of many components such asglazing material, window, curtain wall system, lighting control system or automatic shadingsystem. Due to this versatile feature, smart materials have a structure that is difficult toclassify according to traditional systems. While normative classification divides productsinto several different categories, it becomes difficult to take into account the versatilecharacter and performance of the material.Property-changing smart materials are materials that can change their chemical, mechanical,optical, electrical, magnetic or thermal properties in response to changes in environmentalconditions. These materials are examined under three subheadings: smart materials thatchange shape, change color and optical properties, and change adhesion.Shape-shifting smart materials include materials and products that can reversibly changetheir shape and/or size with stimuli such as light, temperature, pressure, electric or magneticfield. Within this category are materials and products that can change shape withoutchanging size and that can change size without changing their shape. Color- and opticalchangingsmart materials represent a class of materials that produce changes in their opticalproperties through absorption, reflection, or transmission of the material with changes in anexternal energy source. Therefore, "color changing" materials do not actually change color.Adhesion-modifying smart materials include materials and products that can reversiblychange the adsorption or absorption attraction forces of a solid, liquid, or gaseouscomponent in response to a stimulus. This change can occur under the influence of light,temperature, electric field or liquid. While adhesion refers to the attractive forces betweendifferent components, cohesion describes the attractive force of the same component.Smart materials provide significant benefits in the field of construction industry andarchitectural design. It offers solutions to ecological problems by creating suitable usageareas for sustainable architecture. The main aim is to change building components bychoosing appropriate smart materials. Smart materials have the potential to make structureslong-lasting, high-strength and lightweight by optimizing energy and material flow.

کلیدواژه ها:

Energy efficiency ، Smart Materials ، Building physics ، Shape-Shifting Materials.