Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Gynecological Oncology: The review of guidelines

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the leading causes of death in cancer patients. VTE prophylaxis and/or treatment in the treatment and follow-up of cancer patients will reduce mortality and morbidity rates. Although the incidence of VTE in cancer patients is high, there is not yet a standardized protocol for the prevention of VTE in the subgroup of gynecological cancer patients. VTE prophylaxis and treatment vary according to the cancer type of the patients and the treatment approaches to be applied. In this review, it is aimed to explain the pathogenesis, risk factors and treatment approaches in VTE prophylaxis in gynecological oncology patients, taking into account international consensus reports. All reviewed guidelines recommended VTE prophylaxis for all hospitalized patients with active cancer. All guidelines agree that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) gives good results in VTE prophylaxis in patients diagnosed with gynecological cancer. Risk scoring has been recommended for outpatients after discharge, and current guidelines recommend direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) for the prevention of VTE in high-risk patients. Due to the high risk of bleeding in the gynecological cancer patient population, the side effects of pharmacological agents should be well considered and more attention should be paid to mechanical prophylactic methods.

کلیدواژه ها:

Venous Thromboembolism ، Gynecologic Neoplasm ، Anticoagulants