Political Islam In Afghanistan: Origins And Ideology

Any political, especially religious movement or ideology, should have its historical predecessors,whose views and ideas would somehow affect them. Understanding the origins and sourcescontributes to a more realistic and objective view of modern phenomena, especially in suchtraditional countries as Afghanistan, where tradition indelibly leaves its mark on everything. Thepurpose of the article is to attempt to give a comprehensive and chronological description of theideas and ideologies that formed the basis for the emergence of Islamist political parties inAfghanistan. The materials used are the works of domestic and foreign orientalists, includingAfghan ones, as well as sources in the national languages of Afghanistan. The research is based onthe method of consistent description of the source and its characteristics to demonstrate itsconnection with the modern phenomenon of political Islam. The paper presents a list of allegedideological sources and precursors of political Islam in Afghanistan in the mid-۳۲th century. Theirhistorical and ideological characteristics are given. The main representatives and supporters ofcertain ideas, their social status and attitude to other movements and ideologies are described.Political Islam in Afghanistan did not arise as something exclusively external, but had under it, inaddition to the external form and external borrowings (the ideology of ―deobandism‖, ―MuslimBrotherhood ), also internal sources peculiar to Afghan society in the form of tribal chiefdom, whichbecame a kind of general organizational beginning of any political and religious movement. Thecomplexity of Islamism in Afghanistan lies in its mixed structure, which is especially evident at themoment, in the ideology and practice of the Taliban Movement, which, on the one hand, is based onthe provisions of «deobandism», pan-Islamism, to a lesser extent the ideology of the MuslimBrotherhood, but on the other hand, it completely contradicts them, which is purely due to tribaltraditional features of the social structure and worldview of the backbone of the movement.

کلیدواژه ها:

Islam ، Afghanistan ، fundamentalism ، Islamism ، political movement ، ideology