Introduction:
Malaria is one of the important diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and kills thousands of peoplein the world every year. This disease is mainly observed in hot and humid climate areas where mosquitoes areactive. Mosquitoes of the Culicoidea family and the
Anopheles genus transmit this disease to humans. Thisdisease has also been reported in some southern provinces of Iran. The purpose of this research was toinvestigate the trend and its relationship with some demographic indicators in Fars province.Methods: Demographic information and some risk factors of the affected people in Fars province (with theexception of Jahrom, Fasa, Larestan, Khafr) were obtained and analyzed from Shiraz University of MedicalSciences and Health Services during the years ۲۰۱۴-۲۰۲۱.Results: Out of ۳۷۹ positive samples, the most cases were reported in ۲۰۱۷ (۲۱.۹۰%) and the lowest in ۲۰۲۰(۴.۴۹%). This disease is reported more in summer than other seasons, and the months of July (۱۹.۵۸%) andAugust (۱۶.۶۷%) were more than other months. The cities of Shiraz with ۷۰.۹۷%, Kazeroon with ۹.۲۳% andArdakan with ۴.۷۴% have the most positive cases in Fars province. The incidence of the disease is higher inmen (۹۲.۳۲%) than in women (۷.۶۷%). The highest rate of occupational contamination was among workers(۸۲.۳۲%). Most of the infected cases were related to Afghanestanian immigrants (۹۰.۵۰%).Conclusion: Temperature and Climatic conditions are the main factors related to the activity and increase in theAnopheles mosquito population, followed by an increase in the incidence of the disease. Cities with wet weather,rivers and ponds face more positives cases. Men and occupations working outdoors are more likely to come intocontact with mosquitoes due to exposure to bites.
Iran is one of the countries that has performed very well inMalaria control, however, considering the high proportion of reported cases of the disease in Afghansimmigrants due to war conditions and other health problems, it can be concluded that the prevalence of malariain Afghanistan and Pakistan is probably much higher than in
Iran and probably due to the migration of people,the infection trend in
Iran will also be affected. Also, the graph of the prevalence of malaria in Fars provinceshows that the rate of infection may be increasing and there is a need for more health controls.