The role of nutrition in adolescent precocious puberty

Introduction: Nutritional status is considered one of the most important factors involved in the developmentof puberty and the factor of ۲۵% of changes in puberty. Due to the importance of increasing early sexualmaturity, this study was conducted focusing on the role of nutrition in adolescent puberty.Methods: ۲۵ articles related to nutrition and precocious puberty were searched in Web of Science, PubMed,Cochrane Library, Magiran, Google Scholar and SID databases, which were published in Persian and Englishlanguages.Results: An unhealthy dietary pattern of desserts and snacks, soft drinks, and fried foods is clearly associatedwith obesity and rapid weight gain, elevated leptin, and significantly with precocious puberty in boys and girls.The initial growth of chest and pubic hair has a significant relationship with the consumption of meat, fast food,fried potatoes and soft drinks. This mechanism is probably caused by high fat intake, high glycemic index andobesity due to high calorie intake. But increased energy intake from carbohydrates during childhood had noassociation with markers of pubertal growth, such as breast development and menstruation. Frequentconsumption of soft drinks is a predictor of early menarche through metabolic changes in insulin pathwaymechanisms and upregulation of hormones, in addition to increased BMI. On the other hand, consuming morefruits and vegetables can be associated with late onset of puberty in girls because they contain phytoestrogens,lignin, and flavonols. Decaffeinated green tea polyphenols delay early puberty in obese girls. No relationshipwas found between soy-based infant formula consumption, dairy consumption, vitamin D serum concentrationand growth and maturation parameters, and exclusive breastfeeding is considered a protective factor. Increasedvitamin A intake and high phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A levels are strongly associated with precociousmenstruation in idiopathic precocious puberty.Conclusion: Increasing knowledge about the nutritional recommendations by which nutrients may affectpuberty will be helpful in developing nutritional recommendations to maintain regular timing of puberty andhelp prevent precocious puberty and its associated complications.

کلیدواژه ها:

precocious puberty ، adolescence ، nutrition