Stem cells and Alzheimer's treatment: a systematic review

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that exhibits an agedependentincrease in incidence. The pathogenesis of this condition involves the aggregation of phosphorylatedtau protein within neurons, the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide plaques extracellularly, perturbations inintricate neural networks, and dysregulation of molecular pathways crucial for neuronal communication,ultimately culminating in neurodegeneration. Currently, pharmacological interventions primarily target Aβplaques and fibrillary protein neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs); however, their clinical efficacy remains modest.Methods: The researcher meticulously scoured the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, undertaking anexhaustive search. Out of the approximately seventy-five articles unearthed, forty-five pertinent references weremeticulously selected to bolster this scholarly endeavor.Results: Diverse prominent classifications of stem cells, including embryonic, neural, induced pluripotent stemcells, and mesenchymal stem cells, are currently being employed for therapeutic purposes. Recently, stem celltherapy has gained considerable attention as a promising regenerative approach for the treatment ofneurodegenerative conditions such as AD. This is attributed to its capacity for neural tissue regeneration, neuralnetwork stabilization, provision of neurotrophic support, and attenuation of neuronal degeneration acrossvarious levels of the nervous system circuitry. Numerous studies have employed a randomized controlled trialmodel to compare a cohort of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells (NSPCs) (۲۰۵ animal samples) with a control group(۱۹۰ samples). The findings consistently demonstrated that the NSPC group exhibited significant improvementsin cognitive function. Furthermore, across ۹ studies, the NSPC group exhibited a significant reduction in Aβdeposition after treatment, and in ۳ studies, the levels of p-tau were significantly lower compared to AD models.These studies underscore the potential of stem cells to modulate the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophicfactor (BDNF).Conclusion: Indeed, the imperative for an effective and safe treatment is paramount in addressing thecomplexities of Alzheimer's disease. The progressive accumulation of amyloid-beta and p-tau plaques, coupledwith the decline in endogenous neurotrophic factors derived from the brain, constitutes pivotal factors thatcontribute to the pathogenesis and advancement of Alzheimer's. Analysis of research data in this field hasunequivocally affirmed the potential of stem cell therapy to ameliorate cognitive function by targeting theseunderlying factors in preclinical models of AD. It is essential to underscore not only the necessity for acomprehensive understanding of the intricate mechanisms encompassing stem cell survival, proliferation,migration, differentiation, and functionality within the context of AD pathology but also the imperative totranslate the findings of animal studies into rigorous clinical trials involving patients diagnosed with AD.

کلیدواژه ها:

Alzheimer ، stem cell ، treatment