Introduction:
Cancer is the second most common cause of death following cardiovascular diseases, indeveloped countries. Among the various types of cancers, lung cancer stands out as one of the most prevalentones, with a high mortality rate. Studies have shown that using nanoparticles effectively treats cancer and thatsynthesized Co۳O۴-NPs have great anticancer potential against cancerous cell lines. Cobalt-based NPs generally,and cobalt oxide NPs (Co۳O۴-NPs) particularly, are of interest due to their outstanding properties, namely highthermal stability and excellent optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. Lanthanides have been suggested fortreating and diagnosing numerous diseases through MRI methods. They could also act as free radicalsscavengers and protect cells from oxidative stress-induced injury. Using these features, nanoparticles areengineered to deliver high doses of cytotoxic drugs to the cancer site while protecting healthy cells from theircytotoxicity.Methods: Co۳O۴/Nd۲O۳ nanoparticles were synthesized using the chemical precipitation method andcharacterized by FTIR, DLS, XRD, FESEM, TEM, VSM, and DRS devices to ensure the accuracy of theprocedure before initiating the cell culture. The anticancer activities of these compounds were studied on humanlung cancer cell line (A۵۴۹) at desired concentrations. The MTT test was performed at two different timeintervals to evaluate the cell survival rate. The mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen-free radicalproduction were also measured by MMP and ROS tests at two-time intervals of ۲۴ and ۴۸ hours. Then, theefficacy of these nanoparticles was compared to cisplatin.Results: At higher Co۳O۴/Nd۲O۳ NP concentrations, the A۵۴۹ cell line’s mortality rate increased significantly.This cytotoxic effect is dose-dependent and time-dependent, so at ۲۴ and ۴۸ hours, IC۵۰ was ۱۵.۱۶μM and۲۵.۴۴μM, respectively. Compared with the IC۵۰ of the well-known antineoplastic agent cisplatin, thesecompounds showed acceptable anticancer effects on A۵۴۹ cancer cells in the same time intervals. The cellsurvival rate, measured by MTT assay after ۴۸ hours, also indicated that these nanoparticles, especially at higherconcentrations, had more cytotoxic effects than the control and cisplatin treatment groups.Conclusion: Previous studies have shown that metal nanoparticles with fast cellular uptake and magneticproperties are of profound value in medical biotechnology and cancer therapy. In the present study, wesynthesized and investigated the effects of
CO۳O۴/Nd۲O۳ nanoparticles on A۵۴۹ cancer cells and found that thiscompound has anticancer activity.