The Role of Psychobiotics in Improving Sleep Quality and Circadian Rhythm in DepressiveDisorders

Introduction: Psychobiotics are a unique type of probiotics that offer mental health benefits to individuals.They stand apart from conventional probiotics due to their ability to either produce or stimulate the productionof neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, enteroendocrine hormones, and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Probiotics have demonstrated beneficial outcomes in many psychiatric disorders, but their role in improvingsleep quality in patients with depressive disorders have not been reviewed.Methods: This review was conducted using research articles found via searching PubMed, Scopus and Web ofScience databases using ۳ keywords and their synonyms: probiotics and sleep quality and depressive disorders.A total of ۱۰ articles were chosen after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Probiotics have been shown in multiple studies to improve mean activity per epoch and total activityafter four weeks of use. In follow-up analysis, these improvements did not prove to be statistically significant,but there was a trend indicating possible benefits. Probiotics may have early effects on mood symptoms andrequire prolonged use for noticeable improvements in sleep, as affective symptoms like mood and anhedoniashowed improvement by week ۴, while subjective sleep quality improved at week ۸.Additionally, the combination of particular Bifidobacterium longum strains showed improvements in sleepquality and decreased anxiety and sadness scores. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was notablyreduced as a result of the intervention, and a sizable portion of those who had trouble sleeping improved to thegood sleep group.Another study examined the effects of administering a particular strain of probiotic known as PS۱۲۸. The resultswere encouraging in that the probiotic improved the quality of deep sleep while lowering levels of exhaustion,cortical excitation, and depressive symptoms. Nonetheless, no noteworthy distinctions were noted in othersleep-related metrics, including scores on the PSQI, ISI, ESS, and BAI.Conclusion: Psychobiotics have shown promise to be a new management for improving sleep quality in patientswith depressive disorders based on recent RCTs, but more research is needed to be conducted on the specificstrains and the optimal dosing.

کلیدواژه ها:

Probiotics ، Psychobiotics ، Sleep Quality ، Depression