The effect of excavation on the behavior of pile group under compound loading

One of the main uses of piles is to bear the lateral load that enters it through the structure, hence many studies and researches have been done on it. Also, in this regard, discussions have been raised in foundation engineering regulations and books, and relationships have been presented for the design of piles in front of the lateral load. Among them, we can mention the relationship between "Hansen" and "Brooms". To calculate the lateral bearing capacity of the pile, the lateral hardness of the soil is calculated and the capacity is obtained for each pile through analysis methods. The subject of this research is to investigate the behaviour of piles due to creating excavations next to them. Naturally, by creating an excavation next to a group of piles, the lateral hardness of the soil undergoes extensive changes. The lateral movement of the soil also creates lateral forces along the length of the pile. However, the relationships mentioned above lose their effectiveness for calculating the lateral bearing capacity of the soil, because the two basic assumptions of these relationships are lost.