Taking a fresh perspective on the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori and exploring innovative remedies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The presence of Helicobacter pylori can cause gastric and extra-gastric diseases, including cancer, brain and nerve diseases, arteriosclerosis, arthritis, blood and eye diseases, changes in drug metabolism, and disorders in disease treatment. Widespread antibiotic resistance and the lack of a successful vaccine used in clinics have yet to be addressed due to the powerful ability of Helicobacter pylori to evade host immune attacks. There is an urgent need to discover new targets and develop new drugs to fight Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori and its extra-gastric effects caused by metabolites or OMVs (outer membrane vesicles) can be treated with new methods including probiotics and microbiome regulation, biotechnology methods, optogenetics (a new method that uses light and waves to control bacterial activity and gene expression), oxygen therapy, antimicrobial peptides, phage therapy, and changed lysines. A new study showed that sitafloxacin is a potentially ideal drug for Helicobacter pylori. New treatment methods using blue light waves and wavelengths during endoscopy can be a suitable and minimally invasive method without affecting healthy cells. The gram-negative bacterium discovered in ۱۹۸۳ by Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren, the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, causes gastritis and ulcers by infecting the stomach epithelium. It may also cause cardiovascular and neurological disorders, as well as blood abnormalities. We need research to understand the mechanisms and develop prevention and treatment strategies, including new medicinal and herbal substances, biotechnology, and nano-biotechnology methods.MATERIALS AND METHODS New scientific articlesRESULTS AND DISCUSSION Helicobacter pylori causes chronic gastritis. It was discovered in ۱۹۸۳ by Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren. It affects the digestive system and other organs, through the metabolites and OMVs produces, through the blood and nerves. We need new treatment methods to inactivate the bacteria, its metabolites, and extracellular vesicles.CONCLUSION H. Pylori infection is harmful to all organs due to its metabolites and requires new treatments.

کلیدواژه ها:

Helicobacter pylori ، cardiovascular ، extra-gastric diseases ، optogenetics ، Alzheimer's disease ، chronic inflammation ، atherosclerotic plaques ،