The prevalence of Beijing and Haarlem genotypes in Iran for Mycobacterium tuberculosis with multiple drug resistance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVETuberculosis is caused by the highly virulent respiratory pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infecting its hosts via aerosol. Resistance to antibiotics is a serious issue that complicates the control of this infection. As a rule, MTB is fastidious and must be diagnosed in laboratories equipped with the necessary equipment. In this regard, molecular methods play an important role in diagnosis and genotyping in a timely manner. A number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of tuberculosis are derived from the Beijing and Haarlem genotypes of MTB. It was the objective of this study to assess the prevalence of Beijing and Haarlem genotypes among MDR-TB cases in Iran using a systematic review and meta-analysis.MATERILAS AND METHODSThe current study retrieved ۵۲۲ original articles (۲۰۰۲-۲۰۲۲) from several databases, such as Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Iranian databases. The Beijing and Haarlem families were identified in ۲۲ articles examining the prevalence of MDR tuberculosis strains. A Stata version ۱۷.۰ (Stata Corp., College Station, Texas, USA) program was used to evaluate the data.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONIn the final investigation, ۱۱۵۲ MDR samples were found in ۲۲ articles. Beijing and Haarlem genotype prevalence were estimated at ۱۹.۸۸% (۹۵% CI, ۱۱.۴۴-۲۹.۶۷) and ۱۵.۱۷% (۹۵% CI, ۹.۱۷-۲۲.۲۲) among MDR-TB patients in Iran. It is concerning to note that studies in northern Iran have demonstrated an association between Haarlem genotype and MDR. Considering its potential to endanger Iran's tuberculosis control programs, this genotype poses particular epidemiological and clinical concerns.CONCLUSIONIn recent years, the Haarlem genotype family has become the most prevalent genotype family in MDR isolates, indicating its importance for TB control. Aside from the high prevalence of this genotype in the south and northeast regions, the prevalence of this genotype has increased by ۲۰.۵% in Iran.

کلیدواژه ها:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ، multi drug resistance ، Beijing ، Haarlem