Encapsulation of rOmpA from Klebsiella pneumoniae in Silk Fibroin-Sodium Alginate Nanoparticles: A New Approach to Developing a Pneumonia Vaccine

BACKGROUND AND ABJECTIVEThe present study describes the design and fabrication of a new vaccine candidate based on the outer membrane protein A (rOmpA) from Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) encapsulated in silk fibroin-sodium alginate nanoparticles (SF-SANPs) against K. pneumoniae -mediated pneumoniae.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe physicochemical properties, toxicity, release profile, and in vivo potency of SF-SANPs encapsulated with rOmpA were evaluated.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe spherical nano vaccine was created with an average particle size of ۱۶۰ nm and an encapsulation efficiency of ۸۰%. Antigen release from SF-SANPs was ۴۰% after ۲۲ days release assay. The SF-SANPs showed a zeta potential of -۲۴.۸mV and had no toxic effect on the L۹۲۹ cells in vitro. The study also found that SF-SANPs in the vaccine formulations promoted systemic (IgA, total IgG, IgG۱ (Th۲), and IgG۲a (Th۱)) and mucosal (IgA and IgG) antibodies and stimulated cytokine response (IFN-γ, IL-۴, and IL-۱۷), inducing both humoral (Th۲) and cell-mediated (Th۱) immune responses, with a Th۱-polarized response.CONCLUSIONThe vaccine was effective in protecting the lung against experimental pneumoniae and reducing inflammation. These findings suggest that the rOmpA-based vaccine encapsulated in SF-SANPs could be a promising strategy for preventing pneumonia caused by K. pneumoniae.

کلیدواژه ها:

Silk fibroin-sodium alginate nanoparticles ، Nanoadjuvant ، Vaccine ، Pneumoniae ، Klebsiella pneumoniae