Potential of renewable sustainable energy to save the Planet

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESEnergy is the entrusting source for various man activates and dawn the history its main source has improved from wood to coal and crude petroleum to gas and very recently to renewable. The fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are limited, which are relatively safer to handle, process, transport and utilize. However, based on the type of end use like combustion or using to generate safer energy emits Green House Gases (GHG). Greenhouse gases including CO۲, methane, refrigerant gases and so on since industrial revolution had adverse effect on climate changes including the earth warming (approximately ۲ ◦C) and souring oceans pH. Further, GHJG have impaired human health as a result of increased rate of people loosing life, in particular those suffering from hearth and lungs complications in addition to old age. Furthermore, fortified acid rains, and enhanced drought at one corner and tsunami at other. The highest share among the six most undesirable GHG goes to CO۲ and methane emissions which is about ۵۶ and ۲۵%, respectively. The reduction of emitted greenhouse gas (GHG) and atmospheric pollutants are constituted as the foremost energy and environmental policy universally. The most polluting nation after China are USA, India, Russia, Japan, Germany, Iran, Canada, South Korea and The United Kingdom. The aforementioned nations are signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the head of the states have attended various protocols including Kyoto, Copenhagen, Paris and many more. However, practical achievements documented so far are in limit, where few nations are trying hard to reach the needful. However renewable energies like, solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, and bioenergy are potential source to change the global scenario to some extent. Iran’s standing would be addressed. Furthermore, energy sources with lesser carbon molecules than gasoil at preset are preferable. Immediate future fuels opt for a type without carbon molecules. Hydrogen is a desired candidate to replace the fossil fuels. Hydrogen currently in large scale is produced by steam reforming of naphtha, followed by hydrolysis of water, biomass and bacteria. Biohydrogen produced by dark fermentation is more advantageous as result of higher rate of production.MATERIALS AND METHODSHave used my earlier publications including papers, students thesis, books and related published papers.۵۷RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONMan has been using carbon based materials down the history for various perposes, which has emitted Green House Gases (GHG) and the rate of plluation being enhanced by socioeconomic improvments since industrial revolution. GHG trap gases and result in pollution, acid rain, golbal warming leading to climate changes. The universal approach is to reduce burning and combustion of fossile fuels of high carbon number. However there is enough concern to suitch to the least or no-carbon based fuels like from solar, wind, ocean, geothermal, hydropower and bioenergy. Bioenergy stands at the forefront of technological improvements to fullfill the universal requirments.CONCLUSIONThere is global awareness and fundamental need to decrease the rate of climate changes including global warming by the least or non-polluting energy source. The emission gases should not accumulate GHG to change the planet atmosphere for cleaner air, blue sky and better place to live. At present fuels with less carbon is preferred and platform for no-carbon fuel like renewable sustainable hydrogen is in progress.

کلیدواژه ها:

Sustainable ، renewable energy ، solar energy ، biohydrogen