Optogenetic a new tool in bacteria controlling gene expression as a switch on/off

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Being able to control microorganisms with a switch that turns them on or off is like a dream. Optogenetics is a technique that uses light to regulate gene expression. A specific wavelength can activate specific proteins that are sensitive to light, and these photoreceptors can control gene-promotor, activate signaling cascades and affect cell function in various ways. This method allows researchers to monitor their activity in real time, enabling them to exert fine control over which genes turn on or off, or when they activate. Compared to the traditional methods of gene expression control, it offers several advantages, such as high spatial and temporal precision and reversibility. Optogenetics has many potential applications, such as the production of therapeutic proteins, the study of disease processes, the development of new treatments for genetic disorders, or regulating the virulence of microbial pathogens because of antibiotic resistance, which is a serious threat to health. Regulate microbial metabolite production in fermentations or culture media. This article summarizes the mechanisms, design principles, applications, advantages and limitations of optogenetics in bacteria. From the ۱۹۷۰s to ۱۹۷۶, the impact of light on cell and gene function was discovered by scientists, which led to the development of optics. In ۲۰۰۵, Levskaya et al. first developed optogenetics, a technique that allows the control of red light-controllable LacZ expression in E. coli. Optogenetics has proven to be an effective tool in managing diseases like epilepsy, controlling pathogen severity, and managing septicemia. Recently, blue light wavelengths have been used with endoscopy to control the pathogenicity of Helicobacter.MATERIALS AND METHODS Scientific papers reviewed.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:The placement of engineered photoreceptors upstream of promoters or binding to proteins can have important implications in cancer treatment. Researchers have been able to manage diseases and control pathogens by using photoreceptor proteins as auto-inducers.CONCLUSIONOptogenetics is simpler CRISPR for manipulating genes and cells.

کلیدواژه ها:

Optogenetic ، on/off switch ، Photoreceptors ، Gencontroling ، Microbial metabolites ، Antibiotic resistance.