Evaluation of the effects of native probiotic bacteria on intestinal inflammatory status via different signaling pathways

The gastrointestinal tract (GT) is an ecosystem that contains important bacteria, including beneficial bacterial genera that have various effects on the immune system, host metabolism, and improving microbial balance. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), probiotics are beneficial microorganisms and have noticeable benefits and limited side effects when used in appropriate amounts and composition. Balancing and modulating the immune system and strain-specific anti-inflammatory capabilities are two of the defining characteristics of probiotics. Our previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of probiotics in modulating and reducing inflammation in terms of phenotypic effects. However, a comprehensive investigation of the various molecular signaling pathways that play an important role in inflammation is still pending, and the effect of probiotic strains in each of these pathways should be carefully analyzed. In other words, identifying such pathways in more detail could evaluate the presumed effects of probiotics. Since the greater efficacy could be achieved when different probiotic strains are involved in a mixture, we used a mixture of Lactobacillus Spp. and Bifidubacterium Spp. Using two different species of probiotics, specifically in cocktail form, and also examining their effectiveness before inflammation have been occurred, could be useful to understand how probiotics play role as preventive agent in challengeable diseases, including IBD. The molecular effects of our selected probiotic strains on different signaling pathways could shed light on how specific strains of probiotics can be able to preserve intestinal homeostasis by affecting pathways that is directly in communication with inflammation. We added our selected strains before, simultaneously and after inflammation to observe the native potential probiotic effects in gene expression. The results may suggest that these probiotic strains could prevent inflammation and decrease inflammation severity in an in-vitro model of inflammation. More comprehensive studies especially in-vivo models, could show the potency of our special probiotic strains consumption in preventing inflammatory-related diseases.