Incidence of Surgical Site Infection and Compliance with Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Cesarean Section in a Community Hospital in Qatar

Background: The current study aimed at describing the incidence, etiology of surgical site infections (SSI), and compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section during a ۳.۵ years period in a community hospital. Methods: Prospective data were collected to monitor the incidence of SSI and compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis in ۴۵۰ patients undergoing the procedure from January ۲۰۱۳ to June ۲۰۱۶. Results: The mean age of the patients was ۳۱.۸ years, ۱۴.۳% had diabetes mellitus, ۴.۷۳% had overweight, and ۵۴.۴% of the procedures were elective; also, ۶۹.۸% of the procedures had risk index (RI) ۰, ۲۶.۳% RI۱, and ۱۶ patients had RI ۲ and ۳. Nine patients with SSI were reported, ۸ with superficial incisional and ۱ organ-space infections. The pooled infection rate in ۲۰۱۳ was ۴.۴۴%, followed by ۱ .۱۰% in ۲۰۱۴, ۱.۵۲% in ۲۰۱۵, and ۲.۵۶% in January to June ۲۰۱۶; in addition, ۱.۰۴% of the study subjects were RI ۰ and ۴.۵۰% RI ۱. Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus was identified in ۲ patients, and Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia in ۱ patient, respectively. Compliance with antibiotic prophylaxis increased from ۵۳.۵% in ۲۰۱۳ to ۹۴.۹%in January to June ۲۰۱۶. Conclusions: The current study findings showed the effect o f a multidimensional program to prevent surgical site infection in cesarean section, and the need to strengthen it.