Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase in Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates in a Teaching Hospital of Zahedan City, Iran

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumonia has become widespread in hospitals and is increasing in community settings. Most of K. pneumonia that harbor these enzymes, display resistance to other unrelated antimicrobial agents and thus, often pose a therapeutic dilemma. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing K. pneumonia in a major university hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Materials and Methods: The susceptibility of ۸۳ K. pneumonia isolates to ۱۲ antibiotics was assessed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. For the ESBL phenotypic test, double-disk diffusion (DD) method was used. Results: The highest resistance rates of the isolates were seen against cefixime (۸۲%), cefotaxime (۸۱%), ceftriaxone (۷۳%), ceftazidime (۷۲%), and azithromycin (۶۰%), consecutively. The lowest resistance rates were observed against gentamicin (۵۸%), tetracycline (۵۹%), nalidixic acid (۵۹%), and amikacin (۶۳%), consecutively. ESBLs were found in ۶۵% of K. pneumonia isolates. Conclusions: We found that ۶۵% of K. pneumonia isolates produced ESBL. Therapeutic strategies to control infections should be carefully formulated in teaching hospitals. The high percentage of drug resistance in ESBL-producing K. pneumonia suggests that routine detection of ESBL by reliable laboratory methods is required.