In vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial assays of selected Nigerian commercial herbal formulations

Introduction: Malaria remains a life-threatening disease, mainly in tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. The problem caused by the disease is further compounded by the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Coupled with the poor distribution of modern health facilities, there is resurgence in the use of herbal remedies to treat malaria. In this study, we evaluated the antiplasmodial activities of six commercially available herbal formulations using in vivo and in vitro methods to assess their claimed antimalarial properties. Methods: The antiplasmodial activities of the six herbal formulations were assessed using Chloroquine sensitive P. falciparum parasite strain ۳D۷ using the SYBR Green in vitro method and the in vivo curative test (established infection) in Plasmodium berghei infected Mus musculus. Results: The six herbal formulations had values of IC۵۰ > ۱۰۰ μg/mL on ۳D۷ strain of P. falciparum compared to controls which had IC۵۰ values of ۶.۹۲nM (Chloroquine) and ۰.۷۵nM (Artesunate). In the curative evaluation (in vivo) the herbal formulations significantly reduced parasitaemia on day ۴ (۲۶.۳%-۷۷.۳ %) and day ۷ (۴۵.۵۴%-۹۴.۸۱%) post-treatments (P < ۰.۰۵) when compared to the untreated group, which recorded high mortality rate. Conclusion: Findings made in this study lend support to the claim that these herbal formulations have antiplasmodial activities. Percentage inhibitions of parasitaemia of the formulations were all above ۵۰% except M??T capsule which had lower percentage inhibition of parasitaemia.