Study of the Influence of Intestinal Microbiota on the Immune Response in Allergic Diseases Manifested by Food Allergy and Urticaria

Nowadays the problem of food allergy is of great importance. It impairs the quality of life of people all over the world. People suffer from food allergies starting from the earliest period of life. Usually, people get antihistamine remedies with a variety of side effects. Food allergy may be caused by various allergens and its development depends on different factors. The aetio-pathogenic treatment used to be elaborated. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining of homeostasis of any organism with a gastro-intestinal tract. Human beings are not exceptions. The human gastrointestinal tract is enormously colonized by various microorganisms, which localize predominantly in the colon in a symbiotic relationship with the host. Impairment of microbiota function causes different diseases of the host including food allergy. The work aims to analyse the literature of the last decade (۲۰۱۳-۲۰۲۳) to reveal the connection between the condition of microbiota and its role in the development of food allergy. Scientific articles from MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were analysed in the work. A set of "MeSH terms" was created to remove a large number of irrelevant papers during the manual search. It was settled that the content of microbiota and its functional activity is of great importance for food allergy development both in infants and adults. The main problem lies in the synthesis of the short-chain fatty acids and their interrelation. The characteristics of the colon epithelial barrier, its adhesive qualities, and permeability, which depend on the functional activity of microbiota, also influence on development of food allergy. Intestinal microbiota is essential for maintaining of intestinal epithelial barrier, which plays one of the pivotal roles in intestinal health and provides homeostasis keeping. Microbiota destruction by antibiotics or other exogenic/endogenic factors leads to impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier, which in turn serves as a trigger of inflammation and allows pathogens and allergens passage from the intestinal cavity into the bloodstream.