Valuation of urban green open space using the Hedonic price model

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urban green infrastructure, specifically green open spaces, is becoming increasingly significant in rapidly urbanizing areas. These spaces offer environmental, social, and economic advantages to urban ecosystems, thereby increasing community health and well-being. However, their economic value is often overlooked in urban planning. This study aims to conduct an economic valuation of green spaces by introducing the hedonic price model to equip decision-makers with a thorough and informed perspective.METHODS: A questionnaire created through Google Forms was distributed through a social media survey conducted from March to April ۲۰۲۱. The data collected from ۱۵۹۲ respondents in Jakarta were analyzed through a cluster analysis using the statistical package for social sciences software. The hedonic price model with ordinary least squares regression was adopted to create a valuation model for the green spaces in ۴۲ districts and ۲۳۹ sub-districts across the five administrative cities.FINDINGS: This study empirically shows that parks and urban forests increase land prices by ۹.۲, ۱۷.۱, and ۱۹.۲ percent, while cemeteries decrease them by ۱۵ to ۳۷.۶ percent. Unlike most hedonic price model studies on the global north countries, which can be found in the literature, this work does not establish statistically significant relationships among urban forests, parks, cemeteries within a ۰–۵۰۰ meter radius, and land prices in Jakarta, but examines the economic value of green spaces, including their impact on land values and tax revenues. The land value increase is caused by the implementation of a beneficiary zoning levy within a designated impact zone of ۰.۵–۲ kilometers. This study suggests policy implications, including the exploration of alternative financing mechanisms and the consideration of public preferences in urban development and financing policies.CONCLUSION: The applicability of the hedonic price model in Jakarta's mature and privatized land market is confirmed in this work, proving the importance of considering environmental factors and green spaces in land transactions and conversion, property development, conservation, and urban green space design. The results provide valuable information to policymakers, property developers, and land use planners, thereby preventing the undervaluation of green spaces and facilitating informed decisions on planning and public investment. Urban and built environmental management can significantly benefit from these findings, particularly when considering the aspects of green space size, social functions, and ecosystem services to enhance Jakarta's planning and management practices.

کلیدواژه ها:

Economic Valuation ، Green open space (GOS) ، Hedonic price model (HPM) ، Land value ، Urban Sustainability