A review of the effects of intensive poultry production on the environment and human health

Poultry farming is widely recognized as a highly efficient technique of animal husbandry, contributing significantly to the nutritional security of a substantial portion of the global population. The application of contemporary intensive farming methods has facilitated a notable increase in global production, which has reached a substantial quantity of ۱۳۷.۸ million tons in the year ۲۰۲۱. This upward trajectory has been consistently observed over successive years. However, these aggressive growth tactics result in a substantial environmental impact. The appropriate management of waste items, such as poultry litter and manure, is crucial due to their potential to significantly impact both environmental and human health. The emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide, and methane are associated with poultry production and the disposal of its waste by-products. These emissions have significant implications for global greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the well-being of both animals and humans. Litter and manure have the potential to harbor pesticide residues, microbes, pathogens, pharmaceuticals (specifically antibiotics), hormones, metals, macronutrients (in imbalanced proportions), and other contaminants. These substances can contribute to the contamination of air, soil, and water, as well as the emergence of antimicrobial and multidrug-resistant strains of pathogens. The emission of dust from intensive poultry farming operations is comprised of various components, including feather and skin parts, feces, feed particles, germs, and other pollutants. These constituents have the potential to negatively affect the health of poultry, farm employees, and anyone residing in close proximity to these activities. The presence of noxious odors can pose a significant health concern for both workers and the surrounding population. This study examines the existing literature about the effects of intensive poultry production on both the environment and human health. Additionally, it explores potential strategies and approaches for achieving a sustainable future in this domain.

کلیدواژه ها:

Poultry ، Environment ، Health ، Sustainability