Skin-on-a-chip: An Efficient Powerful Tool to Simulate Physiological and Pathological Skin Conditions

Skin engineering has advanced significantly as a result of the growing need for physiologically accurate in vitro human skin models for drug testing. Using in vitro microfluidic systems, sometimes referred to as skin-on-a-chip (SoC) devices, to create sophisticated skin models is one of the most promising methods. By simulating important mechanical, functional, and structural aspects of human skin, these devices can more closely resemble the skin's natural microenvironment. Crucially, SoC devices can perfuse skin tissue in contrast to traditional cell culture methods. This is achieved by the use of microfluidic channels that function as designed vasculature or by including perfusable lumens. Furthermore, the SoC device's sensor integration enables non-destructive, real-time monitoring of skin function and the results of systemic and topical medicine application. The main obstacles and necessary conditions for developing physiologically appropriate SoC devices for drug testing are discussed in this topic. Here, recent developments in SoC devices are showcased, with a comparison and discussion of their primary benefits and shortcomings. Lastly, this topic emphasizes the present obstacles that must be removed in order to translate SoC devices for clinical use.