Finite Element Modeling of X-Bracing End Connections

Gusset plates are one of the most important elements of connections in (both eccentrically and concentrically) braced frames and in truss structures. Due to their importance, the behavior and the design criteria of these plates have been widely studied. Since 1948, many researchers have investigated the state of stress distribution throughout the gusset plates, using laboratory tests and/or finite element models. Almost all researches have been following the assumption that the angle between the stress distribution limit line and the bracing member or truss element is 30 degrees. But, usually the angle between the free edge of the gusset plate and the member is less than 30 degrees. In this paper the state of stress in such gusset plates is studied through numerous finite element models developed by ANSYS 5.4. The effects of different parameters such as boundary conditions and orientation of the connected member with respect to the gusset plate are investigated