Impact of Annealing Temperature on Hydrothermally Synthesized Copper Antimony Oxide (Cu۲Sb۲O) from Amorphous Phase to Monoclinic Structure

In this study, a hydrothermal approach has been employed for the synthesis of copper antimony oxide films. Cu۲Sb۲O exhibits an amorphous phase prior to annealing and a polycrystalline phase (monoclinic structure) after annealing at temperatures ranging from ۲۰۰ to ۴۰۰oC, as showed by the XRD. The angles of ۲۶.۹۳۴o, ۳۴.۲۲۸o, and ۳۸.۳۶۲o correspond to the diffraction peaks (۱۱۱), (۲۱۱), and (۳۱۱). High annealing temperature caused the film's lattice to reform and crystalize, which could cause cell ignition. The diffraction angles of the peaks moved higher because it was assumed that the annealing process affected the material. The unannealed Cu۲Sb۲O material displays small nanoparticles and a noteworthy nanoflake structure. Under different annealing temperatures, the nanoparticle's size increases when the film surface is ignited at higher pressure. When nanoparticle clusters were present during annealing, the material's surface energy increased. The absorption spectra displayed a consistent high rate of absorption between ۲۰۰ to ۶۰۰ nm, but showed a considerable decline beyond this range, with the minimum point noted between ۷۰۰ to ۸۵۰ nm. Yet it increased again between ۹۸۰ and ۱۱۰۰ nm wavelength range. Light absorption is high in Cu۲Sb۲O, specifically in ultraviolet and blue regions. The film's absorbance increased from ۰.۱۴۵ to ۰.۱۸۵ a.u. when Cu۲Sb۲O was annealed at ۲۰۰ °C. An increase in temperature from ۲۰۰ to ۴۰۰ °C caused an improvement in Cu۲Sb۲O's absorbance because of its susceptibility to temperature. The low reflectance of the films in both areas makes them ideal for both solar and photovoltaic cells. As the annealing temperature increased from ۲۰۰ to ۴۰۰ °C, the synthesized Cu۲Sb۲O film's bandgap energy decreased from ۱.۷۸ eV to a range of ۱.۶۶–۱.۲۱ eV.

کلیدواژه ها:

copper ، Antimony ، Hydrothermal ، Amorphous ، Monoclinic structure