Similarities and differences between male and female breast cancer: knowns and unknowns

Although breast cancer is one of the most commonly reported cancersin females but males are no exception to this disease. Breast cancer israre in male but most of them are detected in the upper stages and withmetastasis. By comparison breast cancer has similarities and differences inmales and females that have been reviewed in this study. This study wasconducted as a review of the texts. In the Study phrases “Breast Cancer”“Male”“Female”“Differences and similarities” are considered by usingdatabases Cochrane PubMed / Medline Embrace/Scopus ProQuest from۲۰۰۰ to ۲۰۱۹. Breast cancer in males usually happens in the region of subareolar or nipple. Also signs of breast cancer in males are same as femalesand including skin ulceration nipple retraction and axillary lymphadenopathy.Risk factors for male breast cancer are similar to female too. But male havea tendency to be diagnosed at an older age. Therefore male less likely tosurvive than female. Approximately most of male breast cancer is a type ofductal carcinoma. Treatments of male breast cancer is similar to female suchas radical mastectomy surgery and Tamoxifen. Some studies showed beingpositive hormonal receptors in male breast cancer are more than female.But results of several studies didn’t display that. Moreover the studies havesuggested that the grading systems for female might not be applicablefor male. Awareness of the differences and similarities of breast cancerbetween male and female can help health care providers for early detectionand proper follow up. It seems that there are still unknown somethingabout diagnosis and grading of male breast cancer. So further studies will benecessary to better clarify.

کلیدواژه ها:

Similarities ، differences ، breast cancer ، male ، female