Association between diet energy balance and fertility health in men

BACKGROUND: Infertility is a global public health issue affecting ۱۵% of allcouples of reproductive ages. Male factors including decreased semen qualityare responsible for ~۲۵% of these cases. The dietary pattern the componentsof the diet and nutrients have been studied as possible determinants of spermfunction and/or fertility. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: Research conducted inrecent years provides more and more evidence that diet can have a significantimpact on male fertility. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationshipbetween diet energy balance and fertility in menSEARCH METHODS: A comprehensive systematic review was made of thepublished literature from the earliest available online indexing year to ۲۰۱۹. Wehave included cross-sectional case-control and prospective and retrospectivestudies in which fertile/infertile men were well defined (men with spermdisorders sperm DNA damage varicocele or idiopathic infertility). The primaryoutcomes were semen quality or fecund ability.OUTCOMES: Generally the results indicated that healthy diets rich in somenutrients such as omega-۳ fatty acids some antioxidants (vitamin E vitamin Cβ-carotene selenium zinc cryptoxanthin and lycopene) other vitamins (vitamin Dand folate) and low in saturated fatty acids and trans-fatty acids were inverselyassociated with low semen quality parameters. Fish shellfish and seafood poultrycereals vegetables and fruits low-fat dairy and skimmed milk were positivelyassociated with several sperm quality parameters. However diets rich inprocessed meat soy foods potatoes full-fat dairy and total dairy products cheesecoffee alcohol sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets have been detrimentallyassociated with the quality of semen in some studies. As far as fecund ability isconcerned a high intake of alcohol caffeine and red meat and processed meat bymales has a negative influence on the chance of pregnancy or fertilization ratesin their partners. On the other hand the improvement of pregnancy rate afterantioxidant therapy ranged in various studies from ۱۱% to ۴۱%. An importantproblem however may be choosing the right dose of the supplement or findingan appropriate combination of antioxidants that may be more effective than any single antioxidant. The normalization of men's body weight is beneficial for thequality of sperm and the concentration of male reproductive hormones. Furtherlong-term studies require the assessment of the impact of drastic weight lossafter bariatric surgery on male fertility.Conclusion: Male adherence to a healthy diet could improve semen quality andfecund ability rates. Nevertheless the associations summarized in the presentreview need to be confirmed with large prospective cohort studies and especiallywith well-designed RCTs.

کلیدواژه ها:

diet ، fecund ability ، food ، male infertility ، nutrients ، nutrition ، sperm parameters