Hematological diseases associated with post-Covid-۱۹ syndrome

Background & objectives: Covid-۱۹ is a multisystemic and epidemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-۲ which spread rapidly worldwide. Fever, tiredness, and dry cough are the most common symptoms of Covid-۱۹ disease. If the symptoms of Covid-۱۹ last more than ۴ weeks and remain in the body, it is named post-Covid ۱۹ syndrome. Studies have demonstrated that in addition to pulmonary manifestations, which are one of the main symptoms of Covid ۱۹ disease, blood disorders such as thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and lymphopenia have been observed significantly in patients with Covid ۱۹ disease.Materials & Methods: All studies published between ۲۰۱۹ and ۲۰۲۲ that investigated hematological diseases associated with post-Covid-۱۹ syndrome were reviewed by searching the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Of the ۱۶, ۶۰۰ studies screened, related articles were reviewed.Findings: In this article, we examined the complications and hematological diseases after Covid ۱۹. There are several thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. i.e, Covid ۱۹-induced coagulopathy (CIC) is an immunothrombotic state that is likely to be more prothrombotic than hemorrhagic. Recent researches preserve that SARS_COV_۲ could potentially degrade hematopoietic stem cells and lead to acute anemia of inflammation, thrombocytopenia, and thrombosis. RNA SARS_COV_۲ enters primary 𝐶𝐷۳۴+ hematopoietic stem cells and causes defective megakaryocyte and erythroid cells. Also, The SARS_COV_۲ virus can assault vascular endothelial cells, causing coagulation cascade activation and impaired fibrinolysis.Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is rarely known as a late manifestation of Covid ۱۹. Some cases detected in post-Covid ۱۹ syndrome include a significant increase in mean IgG SARS_COV_۲ titer and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), which are identified as early or short-term manifestations in patients with Covid ۱۹. Also, has been reported that lymphopenia may be seen in patients with Covid ۱۹ even ۵ weeks after the onset of the disease.Conclusions: Evidence has indicated that hematologic manifestations of Covid ۱۹ may have life-threatening complications. Accurate evaluation of clinical manifestations is expected to lead to an appropriate therapeutic approach.

کلیدواژه ها:

Hematological diseases ، post-Covid-۱۹ syndrome ، Covid ۱۹