Background: Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes are among the most important foodborne pathogens, and new methods to remove them from surfaces are useful. The aim of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effect of a combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and some food matrix-related factors such as temperature, salinity, acidity, and exposure time on L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium in suspension and on different food industry related surfaces. Methods: The bacterial strains were treated with different concentrations of SDS, citric acid, lactic acid, and NaCl at

Background: Ectoparasites in domestic animals (sheep and goats) play important roles in transmitting the widest range of pathogens and can induce considerable economic losses in the animal husbandry industry. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence and species’ variation of ectoparasites in the sheep and goats and its risk factors in Sanandaj, Kurdistan province, western Iran. Methods: The ectoparasites of ۴۵۷۶ animals; that is, ۱۹۵۴ sheep (۴۱۶ + ۱۵۳۸) and ۲۶۲۲ goats (۱۰۸۴ + ۱۵۳۸) were collected in the abattoir and different rural regions (N = ۳۲) of Sanandaj. Determination of ectoparasites was done using a stereomicroscope according to the identification keys. Results: Results indicated that ۹۲۵ sheep (۴۷.۳۳%) and ۸۱۱ goats (۳۰.۹۳%) were infested with ectoparasites. There was a significant difference between the prevalence and sex in sheep aged less than one-year old (P ≤ ۰.۰۵). Moreover, the highest and lowest prevalence of ixodid tick infestations was observed for Boophilus spp. (۳۵.۳۶%) and Rhipicephalus spp. (۳.۰۶%), respectively. In addition, the highest body infestation to be detected was on the ears (۲۴.۸۲%) of Rhipicephalus (P ≤ ۰.۰۵) with ۲.۱۳ ticks in each animal. The frequency of tick infestation was remarkably higher in spring (۳۳.۸۲%) than in other seasons. Furthermore, ۱۴۳/۴۱۶ (۳۴.۳۷%) and ۱۰۹/۴۱۶ (۲۶.۲%) sheep as well as ۱۱۳/۱۰۸۴ (۱۰.۴۲%) and ۸۷/۱۰۸۴(۰.۸۶%) goats were infested with Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans, respectively. Myiasis resulting from Przhevalskiana fly larvae was merely observed in the goat population at the abattoir. Haematopinus spp, Linognathus spp., and Damalinia were detected, and the prevalence of lice infestation was significantly higher in the goats ۸۳۱/۱۵۳۸ (۵۴.۰۳%) rather than in the sheep ۲۰/۱۵۳۸ (۱.۳%). Conclusion: This is the first report on ectoparasites fauna in the sheep and goats in Sanandaj, western Iran. Furthermore, it was confirmed that various ticks can not only transmit pathogens to humans but also induce tick-borne disease in animals in the region.

کلیدواژه ها:

Sheep ، Goat ، Flea ، Louse ، Tick ، Ked ، Sanandaj