insight to ovarian cancer treatment reviewarticle

Introduction: Cancer occurs when cells begin to grow abnormallyand abruptly in the body. Cancer is one of the dangerousdiseases due to which many people die in the world.Ovariancancer is the third most common gynecologic malignancyworldwide but accounts for the highest mortality rate amongthese cancers. Worldwide, ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventhmost common type of malignant neoplasm in women and theeighth cause of mortality in them. The classification of OC ismade by the possible origin of one of the three main componentsof the ovary: epithelium, stroma, and germinal cells. Dueto this the main malignant tumors arising from the ovary areepithelial carcinoma, germ cell tumor, sex cord-stromal tumor,and Krukenberg’s tumor. The most common are the epithelialcarcinomas, in which the most prevalent is serous ovarian carcinoma.Nevertheless, the subtype of OC varies according to theage of appearance. The global incidence of OC has been stableduring the last decades, but, it’s still a disease that has contributedto a considerable number of deaths around the world.EOC isa cancer that arises from the lining (epithelium) of the ovaries,fallopian tube and the abdominal cavity (peritoneum). Becausecells have immediate access to the abdominal cavity, EOC oftenpresents at a late stage. Initial treatment is with a combinationof surgery, ideally to remove all visible disease, and chemotherapy.Disease will recur in most people and further treatmentis required. Scientists have therefore been looking at new waysto stop cancer cells growing. Among these, we examine the factorsthat lead to this cancer, including nutritional factors such ascoffee and fat, and some diseases such as diabetes, endometriosis,and polycystic syndrome, and genetic polymorphism, andfactors such as obesity, excess weight, and excessive smoking.Attention increases the risk of this cancer Method: Genetic testing for gene mutations that affect treatmentis the standard of care for all women with epithelial ovariancancer. Nearly all women will have a recurrence, and thetreatment of recurrent ovarian cancer continues to be nuancedand requires extensive review of up to date modalities that balanceefficacy with the patient’s quality of life. And now wewill treat this disease:Being able to repair DNA is vital to cellsurvival. Normal cells have more than one DNA repair pathway.However, cancer cells often have defects in DNA repairpathways. The BRCA gene is involved in DNA repair and iscommonly damaged (mutated) in people with EOC. Blockinganother DNA repair pathway with a PARPi(poly(ADP.ribose)polymerase) stops cancer cells from repairing DNA, causingcells to die. PARPi therefore differ from conventional chemotherapy,and are likely to work better in BRCA‐mutated cells.We wanted to find out if PARPi treatment, given either withchemotherapy or afterwards as a maintenance treatment:‐ delays death;‐ delays disease progression;‐ improves quality of life;‐ has any unwanted side effects.Conclusion:Early detection of ovarian cancer can have a significant impacton improving survival rates for both types of tumors.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ovarian ، cancer ، PARP ، women ، treatment ، tumor