Colorectal cancer molecular prognosis

A significant global cause of mortality is colorectal cancer(CRC). Patients with CRC have an extremely varied prognosis,with some patients experiencing a favorable outcome while othershave a poor prognosis. Molecular profiling has emerged asan important tool for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients.The molecular basis of CRC is complex and involves multiplegenetic and epigenetic alterations. A number of signalingpathways, including the MAPK/ERK, PI۳K/AKT/mTOR, andWnt/-catenin pathways, can be impacted by these changes. Additionally,modifications in the DNA repair genes MLH۱ andMSH۲ might result in microsatellite instability (MSI), which islinked to a better prognosis in CRC.Several molecular markers have been identified that can predictthe prognosis of CRC patients. These include mutations in KRASand BRAF genes, which are associated with a poor prognosis.Also, APC and TP۵۳ gene alterations are linked to a better prognosis.CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), gene expressionpatterns, and MSI status are further indicators that have beendemonstrated to predict the prognosis of CRC patients.High-throughput sequencing technology has recently made advancementsthat have made it possible to identify novel molecularmarkers for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients. Forexample, whole-genome sequencing has identified recurrentmutations in several genes that are associated with poor outcomesin CRC patients. Similarly, RNA sequencing has identifiedgene expression signatures that can predict the response tochemotherapy in CRC patients.Peripheral blood can be tested for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA),which consists of tumor-specific sequence variants.In Conclusion molecular profiling has emerged as an importanttool for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients. The outcomeof these patients can be predicted by a number of molecularmarkers. Further studies are needed to validate these markersand to develop personalized treatment strategies for CRC patientsbased on their molecular profile

کلیدواژه ها:

Colorectal cancer ، Molecular prognosis ، Signalingpathway ، Molecular marker